Harsh realities of female migration during the COVID epoch

Abstract

The study examines the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown on the socio-economic status of 212 female migrant workers employed in the informal sector, originating from four underprivileged districts of West Bengal, India. The study assesses the changes in their scope of employment, financial instability, and the level of violence experienced within households and workplaces in the pre-pandemic and post-lockdown phases. We apply the binary logistic regression to identify factors influencing their low employment scope, the t-test to observe changes in their income as a consequence of the pandemic, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test alongside effect size analysis to detect any rise in experiences of violence and exploitation against women. The findings suggest a notable decrease in their employment scope due to the absence of previous jobs, low wages, insecure workplaces, and family constraints; a decline in earnings; and an increased incidence of violence against them. The research suggests designing reforms to improve the current situation of female migrants, who represent one of the most marginalized sections of society. Formalizing the labor market and ensuring proper registration of these women would enable them to gain access to social security benefits, pension schemes, and relief packages that are vital for their well-being.