Emaediong I. Akpanekpo , Azar Kariminia , Preeyaporn Srasuebkul , Julian N. Trollor , John Kasinathan , David Greenberg , Peter W. Schofield , Dianna T. Kenny , Claire Gaskin , Melanie Simpson , Jocelyn Jones , Anyiekere M. Ekanem , Tony Butler
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to identify key transitional pathways in the criminal justice system from adolescence to adulthood and the risk factors associated with the escalation of criminal justice involvement over time.
Method
We retrospectively linked offending records from 1994 to 2022 and mental health records from 2001 to 2022 for a cohort of 1556 adolescents identified through four health surveys in New South Wales, Australia. Transition probabilities were calculated using the Aalen-Johansen method, and the hazards of transition-specific covariates were estimated.
Results
The median age of adolescent entry was 15 years. The cohort was predominantly male (87.5%) and non-Indigenous (65.6%). Among incarcerated adolescents, 76.8% transitioned to adult incarceration. Transition probabilities were the highest among those aged 10–13 years. Among those with mental disorders, psychosis was associated with transitions to adolescent and adult incarceration. Other risk factors for future incarceration include being male, Indigenous, socio-economically disadvantaged, having a history of adolescent incarceration, and being diagnosed with substance use and behavioural disorders.
Conclusion
Younger adolescents have higher transition probabilities to more intense criminal justice involvement. Legislative and policy reforms are needed to delay the onset of adolescent criminal justice involvement and ensure age-appropriate rehabilitative strategies to reduce recidivism.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Criminal Justice is an international journal intended to fill the present need for the dissemination of new information, ideas and methods, to both practitioners and academicians in the criminal justice area. The Journal is concerned with all aspects of the criminal justice system in terms of their relationships to each other. Although materials are presented relating to crime and the individual elements of the criminal justice system, the emphasis of the Journal is to tie together the functioning of these elements and to illustrate the effects of their interactions. Articles that reflect the application of new disciplines or analytical methodologies to the problems of criminal justice are of special interest.
Since the purpose of the Journal is to provide a forum for the dissemination of new ideas, new information, and the application of new methods to the problems and functions of the criminal justice system, the Journal emphasizes innovation and creative thought of the highest quality.