{"title":"Qualitative changes of Blue eryngo (Eryngium planum L.) phytochemicals as affected by different drying methods","authors":"Abdolbaset Mahmoudi, Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi, Mahdi Ayyari","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100543","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Eryngium planum</em> L. known as Blue eryngo is used as fresh and dried ornamental plant along with medicinal applications. It is used in folk medicine in Europe as Eryngii plani herba and Eryngii plani radix. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different natural (shade (SHD<span><sup>1</sup></span>) and sun (SD<span><sup>2</sup></span>) drying) and artificial drying methods (oven (OD<span><sup>3</sup></span>), vacuum oven (VOD<span><sup>4</sup></span>), infrared (ID<span><sup>5</sup></span>), freeze (FD<span><sup>6</sup></span>) and microwave (MD<span><sup>7</sup></span>) drying) on the essential oil (EO) content and composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content and also antioxidant capacity (DPPH) of Blue eryngo. The energy consumption of drying in SHD, SD, FD, OD at 40, 50 and 60 ℃, VOD at 40, 50 and 60 ℃, ID at 125, 132 and 220 W/cm<sup>2</sup> and MD at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 W were also calculated. The isolation of EOs was done by hydro-distillation method and their components were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results disclosed that the highest (0.19 g/100 g D.M.) and lowest (0.08 g/100 g D.M.) essential oil content related to VOD at 60 ℃ and fresh plant, respectively. The highest (30.8 %) and the lowest (14.7 %) β-Elemene (as a main compound) was obtained by OD at 60 ℃ and SD, respectively. SHD needed the highest drying time (70.7 h) whereas the lowest one (0.2 h) related to MD at 500 W. The highest (44.8 kW.h) and the lowest (0.1 kW.h) energy consumption were related to FD and MD at 500 W, respectively. Different drying treatments showed different total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the highest total phenolic content related to ID at 220 W/cm<sup>2</sup> with 66.62 mg GAE/g dry weight of extract. The OD at 50 ℃ showed the highest total flavonoid content with 6.5 mg QE/g dry weight of extract and the highest antioxidant capacity related to OD 50 ℃ with IC50 192.66 µg/ml. In conclusion, the best drying methods based on energy consumption, time of drying, EO content and composition for <em>E. planum</em> are MD 500 W, OD 60 ℃ and VOD 50 and 60 ℃.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214786124000160","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Eryngium planum L. known as Blue eryngo is used as fresh and dried ornamental plant along with medicinal applications. It is used in folk medicine in Europe as Eryngii plani herba and Eryngii plani radix. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different natural (shade (SHD1) and sun (SD2) drying) and artificial drying methods (oven (OD3), vacuum oven (VOD4), infrared (ID5), freeze (FD6) and microwave (MD7) drying) on the essential oil (EO) content and composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content and also antioxidant capacity (DPPH) of Blue eryngo. The energy consumption of drying in SHD, SD, FD, OD at 40, 50 and 60 ℃, VOD at 40, 50 and 60 ℃, ID at 125, 132 and 220 W/cm2 and MD at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 W were also calculated. The isolation of EOs was done by hydro-distillation method and their components were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results disclosed that the highest (0.19 g/100 g D.M.) and lowest (0.08 g/100 g D.M.) essential oil content related to VOD at 60 ℃ and fresh plant, respectively. The highest (30.8 %) and the lowest (14.7 %) β-Elemene (as a main compound) was obtained by OD at 60 ℃ and SD, respectively. SHD needed the highest drying time (70.7 h) whereas the lowest one (0.2 h) related to MD at 500 W. The highest (44.8 kW.h) and the lowest (0.1 kW.h) energy consumption were related to FD and MD at 500 W, respectively. Different drying treatments showed different total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the highest total phenolic content related to ID at 220 W/cm2 with 66.62 mg GAE/g dry weight of extract. The OD at 50 ℃ showed the highest total flavonoid content with 6.5 mg QE/g dry weight of extract and the highest antioxidant capacity related to OD 50 ℃ with IC50 192.66 µg/ml. In conclusion, the best drying methods based on energy consumption, time of drying, EO content and composition for E. planum are MD 500 W, OD 60 ℃ and VOD 50 and 60 ℃.
期刊介绍：
JARMAP is a peer reviewed and multidisciplinary communication platform, covering all aspects of the raw material supply chain of medicinal and aromatic plants. JARMAP aims to improve production of tailor made commodities by addressing the various requirements of manufacturers of herbal medicines, herbal teas, seasoning herbs, food and feed supplements and cosmetics. JARMAP covers research on genetic resources, breeding, wild-collection, domestication, propagation, cultivation, phytopathology and plant protection, mechanization, conservation, processing, quality assurance, analytics and economics. JARMAP publishes reviews, original research articles and short communications related to research.
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