A comprehensive study of palladium-based catalysts on different supports for the hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) biofuel
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis are the two essential processes which have massive importance on the industrial level to produce value-added chemicals. The hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis of 5-HMF; a key furan compound obtained from the cellulosic biomass led to the formation of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which is considered as a future biofuel globally because of its high energy density (32.8 MJ/L), water immiscibility and high boiling point (96 °C). The palladium-based catalysts are the most crucial catalysts used in industries for various chemical transformations specifically in hydrogenation reactions. In this review article, we examined the general progress of palladium catalysts on various supports including charcoal, metal organic framework, metal oxides, graphene oxides, acidic supports and critically assessed how the influence of various supports controls the conversion of 5-HMF to DMF. Moreover, the present research's limitations and flaws are also discussed. In the concluding section, we explore the unique catalytic properties necessary for achieving the desired conversion, which aids researchers in developing a suitable catalyst. Overall, palladium catalysis is still in great shape and will require a critical look in the future.
期刊介绍:
Biomass & Bioenergy is an international journal publishing original research papers and short communications, review articles and case studies on biological resources, chemical and biological processes, and biomass products for new renewable sources of energy and materials.
The scope of the journal extends to the environmental, management and economic aspects of biomass and bioenergy.
Key areas covered by the journal:
• Biomass: sources, energy crop production processes, genetic improvements, composition. Please note that research on these biomass subjects must be linked directly to bioenergy generation.
• Biological Residues: residues/rests from agricultural production, forestry and plantations (palm, sugar etc), processing industries, and municipal sources (MSW). Papers on the use of biomass residues through innovative processes/technological novelty and/or consideration of feedstock/system sustainability (or unsustainability) are welcomed. However waste treatment processes and pollution control or mitigation which are only tangentially related to bioenergy are not in the scope of the journal, as they are more suited to publications in the environmental arena. Papers that describe conventional waste streams (ie well described in existing literature) that do not empirically address ''new'' added value from the process are not suitable for submission to the journal.
• Bioenergy Processes: fermentations, thermochemical conversions, liquid and gaseous fuels, and petrochemical substitutes
• Bioenergy Utilization: direct combustion, gasification, electricity production, chemical processes, and by-product remediation
• Biomass and the Environment: carbon cycle, the net energy efficiency of bioenergy systems, assessment of sustainability, and biodiversity issues.