Fire Safety for Green Façades: Part 1: Basics, State-of-the-Art Research and Experimental Investigation of Plant Flammability

IF 2.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI:10.1007/s10694-024-01566-0

Thomas Engel, Norman Werther

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Abstract

This study is the first part of a larger investigation into the fire behaviour of green façades. In this study, the currently known international research status on this topic is presented and discussed. In addition, the flammability of green façades is investigated through 43 fire tests on a medium scale according to the SBI (Single Burning Item) test method EN 13823. The focus of the investigation was placed on climbing plants. A total of 25 different plant species were investigated. A comparison of the heat release rate of all the investigated vital plants shows similar behaviour. In the course of exposure, there are short peaks in the heat release rate. These peaks are “flare-ups” that occur when parts of the plants dry out due to exposure to the flame and then ignite. The plant species itself had no substantial influence on fire behaviour. Horizontal fire spread occurred to a very limited extent within the investigations of vital plants. They were self-extinguishing. The significant factor in the assessment of flammability is the moisture content of the plants. With dried plants, an abrupt heat release occurs at the beginning. Dried-out plants, as well as unmaintained plants with a high content of deadwood, represent the most critical case.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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绿色外墙的防火安全：第 1 部分：植物可燃性的基础知识、最新研究和实验调查

本研究是对绿色外墙的防火行为进行更大规模调查的第一部分。在这项研究中，介绍并讨论了目前国际上关于这一主题的研究现状。此外，根据 SBI（单项燃烧）测试方法 EN 13823，通过 43 项中等规模的火灾测试，对绿色外墙的可燃性进行了研究。调查的重点是攀缘植物。共调查了 25 种不同的植物。对所有被调查的重要植物的热释放率进行比较后发现，它们的表现相似。在暴露过程中，热释放率会出现短暂的峰值。这些峰值就是 "燃烧"，当植物的一部分因暴露在火焰中而变干，然后被点燃。植物种类本身对火灾行为没有实质性影响。在对重要植物的调查中，水平火势蔓延的范围非常有限。它们具有自熄性。评估可燃性的重要因素是植物的含水量。对于干枯的植物，一开始会突然释放热量。干枯的植物以及枯木含量较高且未经维护的植物是最危险的情况。

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来源期刊

Fire Technology 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

14.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Fire Technology publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety science and engineering. It is the leading journal in the field, publishing applied research dealing with the full range of actual and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment. It covers the entire domain of fire safety science and engineering problems relevant in industrial, operational, cultural, and environmental applications, including modeling, testing, detection, suppression, human behavior, wildfires, structures, and risk analysis. The aim of Fire Technology is to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and technology by encouraging interdisciplinary communication of significant technical developments in fire protection and subjects of scientific interest to the fire protection community at large. It is published in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). The mission of NFPA is to help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge, and passion. The mission of SFPE is advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering internationally.