Connecting De Donder’s equation with the differential changes of thermodynamic potentials: understanding thermodynamic potentials

IF 1.8 3区 化学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Mihalj Poša
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Abstract

The new mathematical connection of De Donder’s differential entropy production with the differential changes of thermodynamic potentials (Helmholtz free energy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy) was obtained through the linear sequence of equations (direct, straightforward path), in which we use rigorous thermodynamic definitions of the partial molar thermodynamic properties. This new connection uses a global approach to the problem of reversibility and irreversibility, which is vital to global learners’ view and standardizes the linking procedure for thermodynamic potentials (Helmholtz free energy, enthalpy, and and Gibbs free energy)—preferably to the sensing learners. It is shown that De Donder’s differential entropy production in an isolated composite system is equal to the differential change in total entropy and that De Donder’s equation agrees with Clausius’ inequality. The useful work of the irreversible process is discussed, which with the decrease of irreversibility tends towards the hypothetical maximum useful work of the reversible process.

Graphical abstract

Abstract Image

将德东德方程与热力学势的微分变化联系起来:理解热力学势
通过线性方程序列(直接、直截了当的路径),我们获得了德多德微分熵产生与热力学势(亥姆霍兹自由能、焓和吉布斯自由能)微分变化的新数学联系,其中我们使用了部分摩尔热力学性质的严格热力学定义。这种新的连接使用了一种全局方法来解决可逆性和不可逆性问题,这对全局学习者的观点至关重要,并规范了热力学势(亥姆霍兹自由能、焓和吉布斯自由能)的连接程序--对感知学习者来说更可取。研究表明,在一个孤立的复合系统中,De Donder 的微分熵产生等于总熵的微分变化,De Donder 方程与克劳修斯不等式一致。讨论了不可逆过程的有用功,随着不可逆性的减小,有用功趋向于可逆过程的假定最大有用功。
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来源期刊
Foundations of Chemistry
Foundations of Chemistry HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
自引率
22.20%
发文量
35
期刊介绍: Foundations of Chemistry is an international journal which seeks to provide an interdisciplinary forum where chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, educators and sociologists with an interest in foundational issues can discuss conceptual and fundamental issues which relate to the `central science'' of chemistry. Such issues include the autonomous role of chemistry between physics and biology and the question of the reduction of chemistry to quantum mechanics. The journal will publish peer-reviewed academic articles on a wide range of subdisciplines, among others: chemical models, chemical language, metaphors, and theoretical terms; chemical evolution and artificial self-replication; industrial application, environmental concern, and the social and ethical aspects of chemistry''s professionalism; the nature of modeling and the role of instrumentation in chemistry; institutional studies and the nature of explanation in the chemical sciences; theoretical chemistry, molecular structure and chaos; the issue of realism; molecular biology, bio-inorganic chemistry; historical studies on ancient chemistry, medieval chemistry and alchemy; philosophical and historical articles; and material of a didactic nature relating to all topics in the chemical sciences. Foundations of Chemistry plans to feature special issues devoted to particular themes, and will contain book reviews and discussion notes. Audience: chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, chemical educators, sociologists, and other scientists with an interest in the foundational issues of science.
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