The social and psychological antecedents of cycling in Brazil

Lucas Heiki Matsunaga , Ingrid Luiza Neto , Tim Jones , Hartmut Günther , Caroline Cardoso Machado , Júlio Celso Vargas , Eleonora D’Orsi
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Abstract

Cycling is widely regarded as a healthy and sustainable transport option in urban environments. However, there is an emergent need to understand how cycling in countries like Brazil, can be encouraged and supported, particularly among different sections of the population. This study investigates social-psychological antecedents of cycling within the Brazilian context using a large-scale dataset to verify the appropriateness of a model based on the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (e-TPB). In-person interviews were conducted with people living in three large Brazilian cities – Brasília (n=1107), Florianópolis (n=1084), and Porto Alegre (n=1105) using a questionnaire including nine items from the e-TPB to measure attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control, intention, cycling behaviour, and habit. Multigroup analysis verified the model fit and invariance in structural weights by gender. Age and gender were revealed to be the only sociodemographic variables with significant influence on the components’ mean scores, with gender exhibiting the strongest influence. We concluded that the e-TPB allows us to explain cycling behaviour among this sample of the Brazilian population and that it is particularly sensitive to (a) other people's influence (b) personal habit (c) perceived behavioural control (d) belief in the ability to change one’s behaviour. Women were less likely to cycle and were less likely to be influenced by social-psychological components that could encourage this type of activity. Thus, we conclude that understanding the social and cognitive determinants of cycling can help to design more targeted policies for different sections of society.

巴西自行车运动的社会和心理诱因
人们普遍认为,在城市环境中,骑自行车是一种健康、可持续的交通方式。然而,在巴西这样的国家,人们迫切需要了解如何鼓励和支持骑自行车出行,特别是在不同人群中。本研究利用大规模数据集调查了巴西骑自行车的社会心理前因,以验证基于扩展计划行为理论(e-TPB)的模型是否合适。我们对居住在巴西三大城市--巴西利亚(n=1107)、弗洛里亚诺波利斯(n=1084)和阿雷格里港(n=1105)的居民进行了面对面访谈,使用的问卷包括 e-TPB 的九个项目,以测量态度、社会规范、感知行为控制、意向、骑车行为和习惯。多组分析验证了模型的拟合性和不同性别结构权重的不变性。结果显示,年龄和性别是唯一对各组成部分的平均得分有显著影响的社会人口变量,其中性别的影响最大。我们得出的结论是,e-TPB 可以解释巴西人口样本中的骑车行为,而且对以下因素特别敏感:(a)他人的影响;(b)个人习惯;(c)感知行为控制;(d)对改变自身行为能力的信念。女性不太可能骑自行车,也不太可能受到能够鼓励这种活动的社会心理因素的影响。因此,我们得出结论,了解骑自行车的社会和认知决定因素有助于为社会不同阶层设计更有针对性的政策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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