Exploring harmonic walking development in children with unilateral cerebral palsy and typically developing toddlers: Insights from walking experience

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2024.103218

Daniela De Bartolo , Marzieh Borhanazad , Marije Goudriaan , Annike Bekius , Coen S. Zandvoort , Annemieke I. Buizer , Daniela Morelli , Carla Assenza , R. Jeroen Vermeulen , Brian H.M. Martens , Marco Iosa , Nadia Dominici

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Abstract

This longitudinal study investigated the impact of the first independent steps on harmonic gait development in unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing (TD) children. We analysed the gait ratio values (GR) by comparing the duration of stride/stance, stance/swing and swing/double support phases. Our investigation focused on identifying a potential trend towards the golden ratio value of 1.618, which has been observed in the locomotion of healthy adults as a characteristic of harmonic walking. Locomotor ability was assessed in both groups at different developmental stages: before and after the emergence of independent walking. Results revealed that an exponential fit was observed only after the first unsupported steps were taken. TD children achieved harmonic walking within a relatively short period (approximately one month) compared to children with CP, who took about seven months to develop harmonic walking. Converging values for stride/stance and stance/swing gait ratios, averaged on the two legs, closely approached the golden ratio in TD children (R² = 0.9) with no difference in the analysis of the left vs right leg separately. In contrast, children with CP exhibited a trend for stride/stance and stance/swing (R² = 0.7), with distinct trends observed for the most affected leg which did not reach the golden ratio value for the stride/stance ratio (GR = 1.5), while the least affected leg exceeded it (GR = 1.7). On the contrary, the opposite trend was observed for the stance/swing ratio. These findings indicate an overall harmonic walking in children with CP despite the presence of asymmetry between the two legs. These results underscore the crucial role of the first independent steps in the progressive development of harmonic gait over time.

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探索单侧脑瘫儿童和发育正常幼儿的和谐行走发展：行走经验的启示

这项纵向研究调查了单侧脑瘫（CP）儿童和发育正常（TD）儿童独立迈出第一步对和谐步态发展的影响。我们通过比较跨步/站立、站立/摆动和摆动/双支撑阶段的持续时间来分析步态比率值（GR）。我们的研究重点是确定黄金比率值为 1.618 的潜在趋势，该比率值已在健康成人的运动中被观察到，是谐波行走的一个特征。我们评估了两组儿童在不同发育阶段的运动能力：独立行走之前和之后。结果表明，只有在迈出最初的无支撑步之后，才能观察到指数拟合。TD儿童在相对较短的时间内（约一个月）就实现了和谐行走，而CP儿童则需要约七个月的时间才能实现和谐行走。TD儿童两条腿的步幅/步态和姿态/摆动步态比率的平均值接近黄金比率（R2 = 0.9），左腿和右腿的分析结果没有差异。与此相反，CP 患儿的跨步/站姿和站姿/摆动（R2 = 0.7）呈现出明显的趋势，其中受影响最大的腿的跨步/站姿比率未达到黄金比率值（GR = 1.5），而受影响最小的腿则超过了黄金比率值（GR = 1.7）。相反，站姿/摆动比却出现了相反的趋势。这些结果表明，尽管CP患儿的两条腿不对称，但他们的行走总体上是和谐的。这些结果突出表明，随着时间的推移，独立的第一步在和谐步态的逐步发展中起着至关重要的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Human Movement Science 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

4.80%

发文量

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome. These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."