Evaluate the groundwater quality and human health risks for sustainable drinking and irrigation purposes in mountainous region of Chongqing, Southwest China

IF 3.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of contaminant hydrology Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104344

Rui Li , Yuting Yan , Jiaqian Xu , Chang Yang , Si Chen , Yangshuang Wang , Yunhui Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Groundwater is crucial for agriculture and domestic consumption. This research investigated the hydrogeochemical properties and contaminant sources of groundwater within the mountainous terrain of northern Chongqing, with the objective of evaluating its appropriateness for irrigation and potable use. The hydrochemical type of the groundwater was HCO₃ − Ca, dominated by silicate and calcite dissolutions. High NO₃⁻ (29.03% exceeds 10 mg/L) were attributed to the overuse of agricultural fertilizers. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to determine the groundwater suitability for agricultural and potable uses. The results showed that groundwater in the southwestern region, particularly within the Yangtze River mainstem watershed, exhibited less suitability for irrigation owing to its lower mineralization, in contrast to the northeastern region near the Daning River watershed. But this trend is reversed for drinking purposes. Overall, the groundwater was appropriate for both drinking (93.55% were classified as excellent) and irrigation (70.98% were classified as low restriction) purposes in the study area. Deterministic and probabilistic noncarcinogenic health risk analyses centered on nitrate exposure revealed that infants (with 13.79% of samples >1) were at greater risk than children (8.58%), adult males (6.98%), and adult females (5.24%). This underscores the urgency to reduce nitrogen fertilizer usage and improve water management in the region. This research will provide guidance for the sustainable groundwater management in mountainous regions.

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评估中国西南部重庆山区可持续饮用和灌溉地下水的水质和人类健康风险

地下水对农业和生活用水至关重要。本研究调查了重庆北部山区地下水的水文地质化学特性和污染物来源，旨在评估其是否适合灌溉和饮用。地下水的水化学类型为 HCO3 - Ca，以硅酸盐和方解石溶解为主。NO3-含量高（29.03%超过 10 mg/L）的原因是过度使用农业化肥。为确定地下水是否适合农业和饮用水用途，进行了一次全面评估。结果表明，西南地区，尤其是长江干流流域内的地下水，由于矿化度较低，与大宁河流域附近的东北地区相比，其灌溉适宜性较低。但这一趋势在饮用水方面却发生了逆转。总体而言，研究区的地下水既适合饮用（93.55%的地下水被评为优），也适合灌溉（70.98%的地下水被评为低限制）。以硝酸盐暴露为中心的确定性和概率性非致癌健康风险分析表明，婴儿（占样本的 13.79%）比儿童（8.58%）、成年男性（6.98%）和成年女性（5.24%）面临更大的风险。这凸显了该地区减少氮肥使用量和改善水资源管理的紧迫性。这项研究将为山区地下水的可持续管理提供指导。

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来源期刊

Journal of contaminant hydrology 环境科学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

2.80%

发文量

129

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Contaminant Hydrology is an international journal publishing scientific articles pertaining to the contamination of subsurface water resources. Emphasis is placed on investigations of the physical, chemical, and biological processes influencing the behavior and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants in the unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (groundwater) zones, as well as at groundwater-surface water interfaces. The ecological impacts of contaminants transported both from and to aquifers are of interest. Articles on contamination of surface water only, without a link to groundwater, are out of the scope. Broad latitude is allowed in identifying contaminants of interest, and include legacy and emerging pollutants, nutrients, nanoparticles, pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, protozoa), microplastics, and various constituents associated with energy production (e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide). The journal''s scope embraces a wide range of topics including: experimental investigations of contaminant sorption, diffusion, transformation, volatilization and transport in the surface and subsurface; characterization of soil and aquifer properties only as they influence contaminant behavior; development and testing of mathematical models of contaminant behaviour; innovative techniques for restoration of contaminated sites; development of new tools or techniques for monitoring the extent of soil and groundwater contamination; transformation of contaminants in the hyporheic zone; effects of contaminants traversing the hyporheic zone on surface water and groundwater ecosystems; subsurface carbon sequestration and/or turnover; and migration of fluids associated with energy production into groundwater.