Japanese Planocerid Flatworms: Difference in Composition of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs and the Effects of Ingestion by Toxin-Bearing Fishes in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

IF 2.6 3区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Hiroyuki Ueda, Masaaki Ito, Ryo Yonezawa, Kentaro Hayashi, Taiga Tomonou, Maho Kashitani, Hikaru Oyama, Kyoko Shirai, Rei Suo, Kazutoshi Yoshitake, Shigeharu Kinoshita, Shuichi Asakawa, Shiro Itoi
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Abstract

Tetrodotoxin (TTX), known as pufferfish toxin, is a potent neurotoxin blocking sodium channels in muscle and nerve tissues. TTX has been detected in various taxa other than pufferfish, including marine polyclad flatworms, suggesting that pufferfish toxin accumulates in fish bodies via food webs. The composition of TTX and its analogs in the flatworm Planocera multitentaculata was identical to those in wild grass puffer Takifugu alboplumbeus. Previously, Planocera sp. from Okinawa Island, Japan, were reported to possess high level of TTX, but no information was available on TTX analogs in this species. Here we identified TTX and analogs in the planocerid flatworm using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and compared the composition of TTX and analogs with those of another toxic and non-toxic planocerid species. We show that the composition of TTX and several analogs, such as 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, dideoxyTTXs, deoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, of Planocera sp. was identical to those of toxic species, but not to its non-toxic counterpart. The difference in the toxin composition was reflected in the phylogenetic relationship based on the mitochondrial genome sequence. A toxification experiment using predatory fish and egg plates of P. multitentaculata demonstrated that the composition of TTX and analogs in wild T. alboplumbeus juveniles was reproduced in artificially toxified pufferfish. Additionally, feeding on the flatworm egg plates enhanced the signal intensities of all TTX compounds in Chelonodon patoca and that of deoxyTTXs in Yongeichthys criniger.

Abstract Image

日本扁虫:河豚毒素及其类似物的成分差异以及日本琉球群岛含毒素鱼类摄食河豚毒素的影响
河豚毒素(Tetrodotoxin,TTX)是一种强效神经毒素,可阻断肌肉和神经组织中的钠通道。除河豚外,在包括海洋多足扁形虫在内的多种类群中也检测到了 TTX,这表明河豚毒素会通过食物网在鱼类体内积累。Planocera multitentaculata扁形虫体内的TTX及其类似物与野生草河豚Takifugu alboplumbeus体内的TTX及其类似物成分相同。以前曾有报道称,日本冲绳岛的 Planocera sp.体内含有大量 TTX,但没有关于该物种体内 TTX 类似物的信息。在此,我们利用高分辨率液相色谱-质谱法鉴定了该扁虫体内的 TTX 及其类似物,并将 TTX 及其类似物的成分与另一种有毒和无毒扁虫的成分进行了比较。结果表明,Planocera sp.的TTX和几种类似物,如5,6,11-三脱氧TTX、双脱氧TTXs、脱氧TTXs和11-去甲TTX-6(S)-醇的组成与有毒种类相同,但与无毒种类不同。毒素成分的差异反映在基于线粒体基因组序列的系统发育关系上。利用捕食性鱼类和多刺河豚卵盘进行的毒化实验表明,野生白鳍豚幼鱼体内的 TTX 和类似物成分在人工毒化河豚体内也能重现。此外,摄食扁形虫卵盘会增强Chelonodon patoca体内所有TTX化合物的信号强度,并增强Yongeichthys criniger体内脱氧TTX的信号强度。
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来源期刊
Marine Biotechnology
Marine Biotechnology 工程技术-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.30%
发文量
95
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Marine Biotechnology welcomes high-quality research papers presenting novel data on the biotechnology of aquatic organisms. The journal publishes high quality papers in the areas of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, cell biology, and biochemistry, and particularly encourages submissions of papers related to genome biology such as linkage mapping, large-scale gene discoveries, QTL analysis, physical mapping, and comparative and functional genome analysis. Papers on technological development and marine natural products should demonstrate innovation and novel applications.
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