The effect of temperature on injection-induced shear slip of laboratory faults in sandstone

IF 5.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL
Nao Shen, Lei Wang, Xiaochun Li
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Abstract

Fluid injection into subsurface reservoirs may cause existing faults/fractures to slip seismically. To study the effect of temperature on injection-induced fault slip, at a constant confining pressure of 10 MPa, we performed a series of injection-induced shear slip experiments on critically stressed sandstone samples containing saw-cut fractures (laboratory-simulated faults) under varying fluid pressurization rates (0.1 and 0.5 MPa/min, respectively) and temperatures (25, 80, and 140 °C, respectively). At 25 °C, slow fault slip events with a peak slip velocity of about 0.13 μm/s were observed on a tested sample in response to a low fluid pressurization rate of 0.1 MPa/min. In contrast, fluid injection with a high pressurization rate of 0.5 MPa/min caused fault slip events with a peak slip rate up to about 0.38 μm/s. In response to a given fluid pressurization rate, several episodes of slip events with a higher slip velocity were induced at an elevated temperature of 140 °C, indicating an appreciable weakening effect at elevated temperatures. We also experimentally constrained the rate-and-state frictional (RSF) parameters at varying effective normal stresses and temperatures by performing velocity-stepping tests. The obtained RSF parameters demonstrate that for a relatively high normal stress, increasing temperature tends to destabilize fault slip. Post-mortem microstructural observations reveal that elevated temperatures promote the generation of abundant fine-grained gouge particles associated with injection-induced shear slip. Our experiments highlight that injection-induced fault slip is affected by temperature-related wear production over the fault surface.

Abstract Image

温度对砂岩实验室断层注入诱导剪切滑移的影响
向地下储层注入流体可能会导致现有断层/裂缝发生地震滑移。为了研究温度对注入诱发断层滑移的影响,我们在 10 兆帕的恒定约束压力下,对含有锯切裂缝(实验室模拟断层)的临界应力砂岩样本进行了一系列注入诱发剪切滑移实验,实验条件为不同的流体加压速率(分别为 0.1 和 0.5 兆帕/分钟)和温度(分别为 25、80 和 140 °C)。在 25 °C时,测试样本在 0.1 MPa/min 的低流体加压速率下出现了缓慢的断层滑动,滑动速度峰值约为 0.13 μm/s。相比之下,以 0.5 兆帕/分钟的高加压率注入流体时,断层滑移事件的峰值滑移速度高达约 0.38 μm/s。在给定的流体加压速率下,140 °C的高温诱发了几次滑移速度更高的滑移事件,这表明在高温下存在明显的削弱效应。我们还通过速度步进试验,对不同有效法向应力和温度下的速率与状态摩擦(RSF)参数进行了实验约束。所获得的 RSF 参数表明,对于相对较高的法向应力,温度升高往往会破坏断层滑动的稳定性。死后微观结构观察表明,温度升高会促进大量细粒刨花颗粒的产生,与注入诱发的剪切滑移有关。我们的实验突出表明,注入诱发的断层滑移受到断层表面与温度相关的磨损产生的影响。
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来源期刊
Acta Geotechnica
Acta Geotechnica ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL-
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
17.50%
发文量
297
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Acta Geotechnica is an international journal devoted to the publication and dissemination of basic and applied research in geoengineering – an interdisciplinary field dealing with geomaterials such as soils and rocks. Coverage emphasizes the interplay between geomechanical models and their engineering applications. The journal presents original research papers on fundamental concepts in geomechanics and their novel applications in geoengineering based on experimental, analytical and/or numerical approaches. The main purpose of the journal is to foster understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind the phenomena and processes in geomaterials, from kilometer-scale problems as they occur in geoscience, and down to the nano-scale, with their potential impact on geoengineering. The journal strives to report and archive progress in the field in a timely manner, presenting research papers, review articles, short notes and letters to the editors.
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