Disentangling North Atlantic ocean-atmosphere coupling using circulation analogues

IF 4.8 2区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Matthew Patterson, Christopher O’Reilly, Jon Robson, Tim Woollings
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Abstract

Abstract The coupled nature of the ocean-atmosphere system frequently makes understanding the direction of causality difficult in ocean-atmosphere interactions. This study presents a method to decompose turbulent surface heat fluxes into a component which is directly forced by atmospheric circulation, and a residual which is assumed to be primarily ‘ocean-forced’. This method is applied to the North Atlantic in a 500-year pre-industrial control run using the Met Office’s HadGEM3-GC3.1-MM model. The method shows that atmospheric circulation dominates interannual to decadal heat flux variability in the Labrador Sea, in contrast to the Gulf Stream where the Ocean primarily drives the variability. An empirical orthogonal function analysis identifies several residual heat flux modes associated with variations in ocean circulation. The first of these modes is characterised by the ocean warming the atmosphere along the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current and the second by a dipole of cooling in the western subtropical North Atlantic and warming in the sub-polar North Atlantic. Lead-lag regression analysis suggests that atmospheric circulation anomalies in prior years partly drive the ocean heat flux modes, however there is no significant atmospheric circulation response in years following the peaks of the modes. Overall, the heat flux dynamical decomposition method provides a useful way to separate the effects of the ocean and atmosphere on heat flux and could be applied to other ocean basins and to either models or reanalysis datasets.
利用环流模拟解构北大西洋海洋-大气耦合关系
摘要 海洋-大气系统的耦合性质常常使人们难以理解海洋-大气相互作用的因果关系。本研究提出了一种方法,将湍流表面热通量分解为直接受大气环流影响的部分和假定主要受 "海洋影响 "的剩余部分。该方法应用于北大西洋,使用气象局的 HadGEM3-GC3.1-MM 模式进行了 500 年的工业化前对照运行。该方法表明,大气环流在拉布拉多海的年际至十年热通量变化中占主导地位,而在湾流中则主要由海洋驱动。经验正交函数分析确定了与海洋环流变化相关的几种残余热通量模式。其中第一种模式的特征是海洋沿湾流和北大西洋洋流使大气变暖,第二种模式的特征是北大西洋西部亚热带变冷和北大西洋亚极地变暖的偶极。前导-滞后回归分析表明,前几年的大气环流异常在一定程度上驱动了海洋热通量模式,但在模式峰值之后的年份,大气环流没有明显反应。总之,热通量动力学分解方法为分离海洋和大气对热通量的影响提供了一种有用的方法,可应用于其他海洋盆地以及模式或再分析数据集。
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来源期刊
Journal of Climate
Journal of Climate 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
14.30%
发文量
490
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Climate (JCLI) (ISSN: 0894-8755; eISSN: 1520-0442) publishes research that advances basic understanding of the dynamics and physics of the climate system on large spatial scales, including variability of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere; past, present, and projected future changes in the climate system; and climate simulation and prediction.
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