Heavy metal levels in camel milk and health risk assessment: A global systematic review

Journal of trace elements and minerals Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI:10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100131

Mohamed Amine Kerdoun , Rachid Djafer

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

This systematic review investigates the potential toxicity of metals and metalloids, including lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni), in raw camel milk, with a focus on health risk assessment for human consumption through the calculation of Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Carcinogenesis Risk (CR).

Methods

From 927 initial articles, we analyzed 20 original articles, comprising 787 samples published between 2000 and 2024.

Results

Pb levels ranged from nondetectable to 1.560 mg.kg⁻¹, while Cd levels ranged from 0.0008 to 0.800 mg.kg⁻¹. Egypt and Saudi Arabia reported the highest levels of Pb, Ni, and Cd. Pb concentrations in milk exceeded the Codex Alimentarius recommended limit (0.020 mg.kg⁻¹) in 10 out of 18 studies. Overall, Pb and Cd exposure through milk consumption appeared safe for humans, although THQ values exceeded 1 in two Pb studies out of 18 and in one Cd study out of 16.

Conclusion

This study contributes to establishing an international database on toxic metal levels in camel milk, informing strategies for managing metal-related risks in milk consumption.

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骆驼奶中的重金属含量与健康风险评估：全球系统性审查

导言本系统综述调查了生骆驼奶中金属和类金属的潜在毒性，包括铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）、镉（Cd）和镍（Ni），重点是通过计算目标危害商数（THQ）和致癌风险（CR）评估人类食用的健康风险。结果铅的含量从检测不到到 1.560 毫克/千克不等，镉的含量从 0.0008 到 0.800 毫克/千克不等。埃及和沙特阿拉伯的铅、镍和镉含量最高。在 18 项研究中，有 10 项研究发现牛奶中的铅浓度超过了食品法典建议的限值（0.020 毫克/千克-1）。总体而言，人类通过饮用牛奶摄入的铅和镉似乎是安全的，尽管在 18 项铅研究中，有两项研究的 THQ 值超过了 1，在 16 项镉研究中，有一项研究的 THQ 值超过了 1。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of trace elements and minerals Medicine and Dentistry (General), Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Science (General), Toxicology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (General), Nutrition, Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine (General)

自引率

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发文量

审稿时长

65 days