Preparation and electromagnetic waves absorption performance of hibiscus-like CuS/SiC NWs@PANI in the GHz band

Abstract

With the increasing demand for electromagnetic (EM) waves absorbing materials in communication, military, and electronic devices, the exploration of lightweight, wideband, and highly absorptive materials in the GHz frequency range has become urgent. This article presents a successful synthesis of hibiscus-like copper sulfide (CuS)/silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs) @polyaniline (PANI) composite material using a combination of hydrothermal and in-situ polymerization techniques. With a filling amount of only 25 wt% of CuS/SiC NWs@PANI in the paraffin transmissive matrix, the material exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −31.6 dB at a thickness of 2.1 mm, while providing an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.5 GHz. As the filling amount increases to 35 wt%, the RL_min drastically reduces to −41.38 dB at a thickness of 2.3 mm. The CuS particles exhibit a unique multi-layered asymmetric hibiscus-like structure, which greatly enhances the reflection of EM waves. The conductive polymer PANI, forming a coating layer at the interface with CuS and SiC NWs, effectively enhances the conductive loss. The collaborative interactions among the components in the ternary composite material significantly boost the EM waves absorption performance. This article offers valuable insights into the preparation and real-world application of absorbent materials with distinctive microstructures, thus opening up new avenues for the design of composite absorbing materials.