Sporosarcina jeotgali sp. nov., Sporosarcina oncorhynchi sp. nov., and Sporosarcina trichiuri sp. nov., Isolated from Jeotgal, a Traditional Korean Fermented Seafood

Abstract

Three novel, Gram-stain-positive, obligate aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterial strains, designated B2O-1^T, T2O-4^T, and 0.2-SM1T-5^T, were isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Strains B2O-1^T, T2O-4^T, and 0.2-SM1T-5^T exhibited distinct colony colors, characterized by pink, yellow, and red opaque circular colonies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three strains formed a paraphyletic clade within the genus Sporosarcina and shared < 99.0% similarity with Sporosarcina aquimarina KCTC 3840^T and Sporosarcina saromensis KCTC 13119^T in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The three strains exhibiting Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity values < 79.3% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values < 23.1% within the genus Sporosarcina affirmed their distinctiveness. Strains B2O-1^T, T2O-4^T, and 0.2-SM1T-5^T contained MK-7 as a sole respiratory menaquinone and A4α type peptidoglycan based on lysine with alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The common polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain T2O-4^T contained one unidentified phospholipid, whereas strain 0.2-SM1T-5^T contained two unidentified phospholipids. Cellular fatty acid profiles, with C_15:0 anteiso as the major fatty acid, supported the affiliation of the three strains to the genus Sporosarcina. Based on the polyphasic characteristics, strains B2O-1^T (= KCTC 43506^T = JCM 36032^T), T2O-4^T (= KCTC 43489^T = JCM 36031^T), and 0.2-SM1T-5^T (= KCTC 43519^T = JCM 36034^T) represent three novel species within the genus Sporosarcina, named Sporosarcina jeotgali sp. nov., Sporosarcina oncorhynchi sp. nov., and Sporosarcina trichiuri sp. nov., respectively.