Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in silicone wristbands of Uruguayan children: measurement and exposure source exploration†

IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Logan S. Running, James R. Olson, Diana S. Aga, Steven C. Travis, Mónica Daleiro, Elena I. Queirolo and Katarzyna Kordas
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose health risks to children, potentially resulting in stunted growth, obesity, and cognitive deficits, but lack of reliable and noninvasive means to measure PAHs results in poor understanding of exposure patterns and sources in this vulnerable population. In this study, 24 children aged ∼7 years (9 boys and 15 girls) from Montevideo, Uruguay wore silicone wristbands for 8 days to monitor the exposure of 27 PAHs. Wristbands were extracted using a modified ethyl acetate tandem solid phase extraction clean up and then analyzed via gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This analysis has reported LODs for 27 PAHs between 0.05 and 3.91 μg L−1. Eighteen PAHs were detected in >50% of the samples with concentration medians ranging 1.2–16.3 ng g−1 of wristband. Low molecular weight PAHs (2–3 rings) such as naphthalene and its alkyl derivatives were highly correlated (0.7–0.9) in the wristbands, suggesting exposure from related sources. Exposure source exploration focused on secondhand tobacco smoke, potentially through caregivers who reported on smoking habits in an associated survey. A principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to examine patterns in PAH compounds detected in the wristbands; subsequently, the resulting components were compared according to current smoking among caregivers. The PCA analysis revealed a grouping of participants based on higher exposure of 1-methyl naphthalene, pyrene, fluoranthene, 1-methylphenanthrene, dibenzothiophene and 2-phenyl naphthalene. The derived components did relate with parental smoking, suggesting that some participants experienced exposure to a common source of certain PAHs outside of parental smoking. This is the first study to assess PAH exposure in young children from South America. Using wristbands, our study indicates exposure to multiple, potentially harmful chemicals. Wristbands could provide a comprehensive picture of PAH exposure in children, complementing other non-invasive biomonitoring approaches.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

乌拉圭儿童硅胶腕带中的多环芳烃:测量和暴露源探索
多环芳烃(PAHs)会对儿童的健康造成危害,可能导致发育迟缓、肥胖和认知障碍,但由于缺乏可靠的非侵入性方法来测量多环芳烃,人们对这一弱势群体的暴露模式和来源知之甚少。在这项研究中,来自乌拉圭蒙得维的亚的 24 名 7 岁以下儿童(9 名男孩和 15 名女孩)佩戴硅胶腕带 8 天,以监测 27 种多环芳烃的暴露情况。腕带采用改良的乙酸乙酯串联固相萃取净化法进行萃取,然后通过气相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。分析报告显示,27 种 PAHs 的检测限介于 0.05 至 3.91 μg L-1 之间。50%的样品中检测到 18 种 PAHs,浓度中值为 1.2-16.3 纳克/克-1(腕带)。萘及其烷基衍生物等低分子量多环芳烃(2-3 个环)在腕带中的相关性很高(0.7-0.9),表明暴露来自相关来源。暴露源探索的重点是二手烟草烟雾,可能是通过在相关调查中报告吸烟习惯的护理人员。我们进行了主成分分析(PCA),以研究腕带中检测到的多环芳烃化合物的模式;随后,根据护理人员目前的吸烟情况对得出的成分进行了比较。PCA 分析表明,1-甲基萘、芘、荧蒽、1-甲基菲、二苯并噻吩和 2-苯基萘的暴露量较高,因此对参与者进行了分组。衍生成分确实与父母吸烟有关,这表明一些参与者暴露于父母吸烟以外的某些多环芳烃的共同来源。这是第一项评估南美洲幼儿多环芳烃暴露的研究。通过使用腕带,我们的研究显示了儿童接触多种潜在有害化学物质的情况。腕带可以全面反映儿童的多环芳烃暴露情况,是对其他非侵入性生物监测方法的补充。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
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