Design for the environment: SHJ module with ultra-low carbon footprint

IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS
Timea Béjat, Nouha Gazbour, Amandine Boulanger, Rémi Monna, Renaud Varache, Jérôme François, Wilfried Favre, Charles Roux, Aude Derrier, Eszter Voroshazi
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Abstract

The photovoltaic (PV) industry is reaching an inflection point to become a major source of energy. Last decades brought important technical progression in modules' yield and durability. Already available technical solutions might reach the highest power output and the lowest environmental impact in a module. Nevertheless, cost remains the major driver for innovation; top PV panels must combine cost/delay/yield to reach reasonable market share. Our paper presents the development of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) modules with exemplary power and reliability with significantly reduced environmental impact and components sourced from Europe. In order to guide the technology choice in the design phase, we performed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) sensitivity study. For a standard PV module, we identify the main steps to improve in order to reduce its environmental footprint. This guided us to tackle the components with the highest impact on the carbon footprint, namely the wafer, glass front sheet and aluminium frame. The proposed improvements will be tested from technical and economic point of view and assembled within one PV module. At the cell scale, we achieved the reduction of the carbon footprint by reducing the thickness of the wafers issued from the European value chain. Optimisation of metallisation and cell interconnection has limited the consumption of silver (Ag), a critical raw metal. At the module level, we implemented the reduction of glass thickness and the replacement of the aluminium frame with a natural fibre-based frame in a glass-backsheet module configuration. In addition, we applied a ‘design for recycling’ approach for the choice of encapsulant and backsheet. The combination of these innovations led us to the realisation of a 566-Wp recyclable module using a tiling interconnection, cells with an average efficiency of 22.57% with a carbon footprint of 313 kgCO2eq/kWp.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

环保设计:超低碳足迹的 SHJ 模块
光伏(PV)产业正迎来成为主要能源的拐点。过去几十年来,组件的产量和耐用性取得了重大技术进步。现有的技术解决方案可以使模块达到最高的功率输出和最低的环境影响。然而,成本仍然是创新的主要驱动力;顶级光伏电池板必须兼顾成本/延迟/产量,才能达到合理的市场份额。我们的论文介绍了硅异质结(SHJ)模块的开发情况,该模块具有出色的功率和可靠性,对环境的影响显著降低,其组件来自欧洲。为了指导设计阶段的技术选择,我们进行了生命周期评估(LCA)敏感性研究。对于标准光伏组件,我们确定了需要改进的主要步骤,以减少其对环境的影响。这指导我们处理对碳足迹影响最大的组件,即硅片、玻璃面板和铝框。建议的改进措施将从技术和经济角度进行测试,并组装到一个光伏组件中。在电池尺度上,我们通过减少欧洲价值链中硅片的厚度来减少碳足迹。金属化和电池互连的优化限制了银(Ag)这一关键原材料金属的消耗。在模块层面,我们减少了玻璃厚度,并在玻璃背板模块配置中用天然纤维框架取代了铝框架。此外,我们还在封装材料和背板的选择上采用了 "回收设计 "方法。这些创新技术的结合使我们实现了 566 Wp 的可回收模块,该模块采用平铺互连,电池平均效率为 22.57%,碳足迹为 313 kgCO2eq/kWp。
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来源期刊
Progress in Photovoltaics
Progress in Photovoltaics 工程技术-能源与燃料
CiteScore
18.10
自引率
7.50%
发文量
130
审稿时长
5.4 months
期刊介绍: Progress in Photovoltaics offers a prestigious forum for reporting advances in this rapidly developing technology, aiming to reach all interested professionals, researchers and energy policy-makers. The key criterion is that all papers submitted should report substantial “progress” in photovoltaics. Papers are encouraged that report substantial “progress” such as gains in independently certified solar cell efficiency, eligible for a new entry in the journal''s widely referenced Solar Cell Efficiency Tables. Examples of papers that will not be considered for publication are those that report development in materials without relation to data on cell performance, routine analysis, characterisation or modelling of cells or processing sequences, routine reports of system performance, improvements in electronic hardware design, or country programs, although invited papers may occasionally be solicited in these areas to capture accumulated “progress”.
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