Microwave-assisted sumac based biocatalyst synthesis for effective hydrogen production

Abstract

Hydrogen (H₂), a renewable energy source with a high energy density and a reputation for being environmentally benign, is being lauded for its potential in various future applications. In the present context, the catalytic methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) is of considerable importance due to its provision of a pathway for the efficient production of hydrogen gas (H₂). The main aim of this research attempt was to assess the viability of utilizing refuse defatted sumac seeds as an unusual precursor in microwave-assisted K₂CO₃ activation to produce a biocatalyst.

The primary objective that motivated the synthesis of the biocatalyst was to facilitate the generation of hydrogen via the catalytic methanolysis of NaBH₄. With the aim of developing a biocatalyst characterized by enhanced catalytic performance, we conducted an exhaustive investigation of a wide range of experimental parameters. The activation agent-to-sample ratio (IR), impregnation time, microwave power, and irradiation time were among these parameters.

Significantly enhanced in catalytic activity, the biocatalyst produced under particular conditions achieved a peak hydrogen production efficiency of 10,941 mL min^− 1 g.cat^− 1. In particular, it was determined that the ideal conditions were as follows: 0.5 IR, 24 h of impregnation, 500 W of microwave power, and 10 min of irradiation. This novel strategy not only demonstrates the impressive potential of eco-friendly biocatalysts, but also positions them as a viable alternative material for the sustainable production of hydrogen via NaBH₄ methanolysis.

Three significant parameters contribute to the value and renewability of this study. The first is that waste is used as the primary material; the second is that the activator is less hazardous than other activators; and the third is that microwave activation is a green chemistry technique.

Graphical Abstract