Metformin: Past, Present, and Future

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Current Diabetes Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI:10.1007/s11892-024-01539-1

Sandeep Chaudhary, Amitabh Kulkarni

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review provides the most recent update of metformin, a biguanide oral antihyperglycemic drug used as a first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Recent Findings

Metformin continues to dominate in the world of antidiabetics, and its use will continue to rise because of its high efficiency and easy availability. Apart from type 2 diabetes, research is exploring its potential in other conditions such as cancer, memory loss, bone disorders, immunological diseases, and aging.

Summary

Metformin is the most prescribed oral antidiabetic worldwide. It has been in practical use for the last six decades and continues to be the preferred drug for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. It reduces glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose production, reducing intestinal glucose absorption, and increasing insulin sensitivity. It can be used as monotherapy or combined with other antidiabetics like sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, or insulin, improving its efficacy. Metformin can be used once or twice daily, depending on requirements. Prolonged usage of metformin may lead to abdominal discomfort, deficiency of Vitamin B12, or lactic acidosis. It should be used carefully in patients with renal impairment. Recent studies have explored additional benefits of metformin in polycystic ovarian disease, gestational diabetes mellitus, cognitive disorders, and immunological diseases. However, more extensive studies are needed to confirm these additional benefits.

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二甲双胍：过去、现在和未来

综述目的本综述提供了有关二甲双胍的最新进展，二甲双胍是一种双胍类口服降糖药，被用作 2 型糖尿病的一线治疗药物。除 2 型糖尿病外，研究人员还在探索二甲双胍在癌症、记忆力减退、骨骼疾病、免疫疾病和衰老等其他疾病中的应用潜力。二甲双胍是全球处方量最大的口服抗糖尿病药物，过去六十年来一直在实际应用中，并且仍然是新诊断的 2 型糖尿病患者的首选药物。它通过减少肝脏葡萄糖生成、减少肠道葡萄糖吸收和增加胰岛素敏感性来降低血糖水平。二甲双胍可单独使用，也可与磺脲类、DPP-4 抑制剂、SGLT-2 抑制剂或胰岛素等其他抗糖尿病药物联合使用，从而提高疗效。二甲双胍可根据需要每天使用一次或两次。长期服用二甲双胍可能会导致腹部不适、维生素 B12 缺乏或乳酸中毒。肾功能受损的患者应慎用二甲双胍。最近的研究发现，二甲双胍对多囊卵巢疾病、妊娠糖尿病、认知障碍和免疫疾病有更多益处。然而，还需要更广泛的研究来证实这些额外的益处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Diabetes Reports 医学 -

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The goal of this journal is to publish cutting-edge reviews on subjects pertinent to all aspects of diabetes epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. We aim to provide incisive, insightful, and balanced contributions from leading experts in each relevant domain that will be of immediate interest to a wide readership of clinicians, basic scientists, and translational investigators. We accomplish this aim by appointing major authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the discipline. Section Editors select topics to be reviewed by leading experts who emphasize recent developments and highlight important papers published over the past year on their topics, in a crisp and readable format. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.