A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between ACTN3 R577X Genotypes and Performance in Endurance Versus Power Athletes and Non-athletes

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
El Mokhtar El Ouali, Benjamin Barthelemy, Juan Del Coso, Anthony C. Hackney, Ismail Laher, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Urs Granacher, Hassane Zouhal
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Previous studies reported differences in genotype frequency of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms (rs1815739; RR, RX and XX) in athletes and non-athletic populations. This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed ACTN3 R577X genotype frequencies in power versus endurance athletes and non-athletes. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus) were searched for research articles published until December 31st, 2022. Studies were included if they reported the frequency of the ACTN3 R577X genotypes in power athletes (e.g., weightlifters) and if they included a comparison with endurance athletes (e.g., long-distance runners) or non-athletic controls. A meta-analysis was then performed using either fixed or random-effects models. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were determined. Heterogeneity was detected using I2 and Cochran's Q tests. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis tests were computed. After screening 476 initial registrations, 25 studies were included in the final analysis (13 different countries; 14,541 participants). In power athletes, the RX genotype was predominant over the two other genotypes: RR versus RX (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.57–0.85, p = 0.0005), RR versus XX (OR 4.26; 95% CI 3.19–5.69, p < 0.00001), RX versus XX (OR 6.58; 95% CI 5.66–7.67, p < 0.00001). The R allele was higher than the X allele (OR 2.87; 95% CI 2.35–3.50, p < 0.00001) in power athletes. Additionally, the frequency of the RR genotype was higher in power athletes than in non-athletes (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.25–1.75, p < 0.00001). The RX genotype was similar in both groups (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71–1.00, p = 0.06). The XX genotype was lower in power athletes than in controls (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.64–0.84, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, the R allele frequency was higher in power athletes than in controls (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.19–1.38, p < 0.00001). Conversely, a higher frequency of X allele was observed in the control group compared to power athletes (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.73–0.84, p < 0.00001). On the other hand, the frequency of the RR genotype was higher in power athletes than in endurance athletes (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.09–1.49, p = 0.003). The frequency of the RX genotype was similar in both groups (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.93–1.24, p = 0.36). In contrast, the frequency of the XX genotype was lower in power athletes than in endurance athletes (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.52–0.76, p < 0.00001). In addition, the R allele was higher in power athletes than in endurance athletes (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.11–1.57, p = 0.002). However, the X allele was higher in endurance athletes compared to power athletes (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64–0.90, p = 0.002). Finally, the genotypic and allelic frequency of ACTN3 genes were similar in male and female power athletes. The pattern of the frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X genotypes in power athletes was RX > RR > XX. However, the RR genotype and R allele were overrepresented in power athletes compared to non-athletes and endurance athletes. These data suggest that the RR genotype and R allele, which is associated with a normal expression of α-actinin-3 in fast-twitch muscle fibers, may offer some benefit in improving performance development in muscle strength and power.
ACTN3 R577X 基因型与耐力和力量型运动员和非运动员成绩之间关系的系统综述和元分析
之前的研究报告了运动员和非运动员人群中 ACTN3 R577X 多态性(rs1815739;RR、RX 和 XX)基因型频率的差异。本系统综述与荟萃分析评估了力量型与耐力型运动员和非运动员的 ACTN3 R577X 基因型频率。研究人员检索了五个电子数据库(PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Science Direct、SPORTDiscus)中截至 2022 年 12 月 31 日发表的研究文章。如果研究报告了力量型运动员(如举重运动员)中 ACTN3 R577X 基因型的频率,并且与耐力型运动员(如长跑运动员)或非运动型对照组进行了比较,则纳入该研究。然后使用固定或随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。确定了汇总的几率比(OR)。使用 I2 和 Cochran's Q 检验检测异质性。还计算了发表偏倚和敏感性分析测试。在筛选了 476 项初始注册后,25 项研究被纳入最终分析(13 个不同国家;14,541 名参与者)。在力量型运动员中,RX 基因型比其他两种基因型占优势:RR相对于RX(OR 0.70;95% CI 0.57-0.85,p = 0.0005),RR相对于XX(OR 4.26;95% CI 3.19-5.69,p RR > XX)。然而,与非运动员和耐力运动员相比,RR 基因型和 R 等位基因在力量型运动员中的比例过高。这些数据表明,RR基因型和R等位基因与快肌纤维中α-肌动蛋白-3的正常表达有关,可能对提高肌肉力量和力量的表现有一定的益处。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
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