A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach applied to compact meander branch line couplers design for 5G-enabled IoT applications

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Computational Electronics Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI:10.1007/s10825-024-02155-8

Khadija Abouhssous, Layla Wakrim, Asmaa Zugari, Alia Zakriti

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Abstract

This article describes a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA)-based procedure used for the size reduction of a hybrid compact branch line coupler (BLC) intended for 5G applications that meet the requirements of IoT applications. Conventional λ/4 coupler transmission lines are replaced with meandering transmission lines to provide three different, simple and elegant designs that can operate at 3.5 GHz. A MOGA process is used to simultaneously balance the different design requirements and significantly reduce the bulky conventional structure size while maintaining high performance. To implement the optimization process, the proposed BLCs are designed using an interface between MATLAB software and a VBA script in the CST Studio simulator. The simulation results demonstrate a size reduction of 73.11%, 76.2% and 80%, respectively, for the three designs compared to conventional one. Then, for the demonstration of miniature BLCs operating at 3.5 GHz are fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The measurements show good agreement with those obtained by simulation, making these BLCs a suitable choice for modern telecommunication systems requiring high compactness.

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应用于 5G 物联网应用的紧凑型蜿蜒支线耦合器设计的多目标遗传算法方法

本文介绍了一种基于多目标遗传算法（MOGA）的程序，用于减小混合紧凑型分支线耦合器（BLC）的尺寸，该耦合器旨在用于满足物联网应用要求的 5G 应用。传统的 λ/4 耦合器传输线被蜿蜒的传输线所取代，从而提供了三种不同的、简单而优雅的设计，可在 3.5 GHz 频率下工作。采用 MOGA 流程可同时平衡不同的设计要求，并在保持高性能的同时大幅减小笨重的传统结构尺寸。为了实现优化过程，我们使用 MATLAB 软件与 CST Studio 仿真器中的 VBA 脚本之间的接口设计了所提出的 BLC。仿真结果表明，与传统设计相比，三种设计的尺寸分别缩小了 73.11%、76.2% 和 80%。然后，在 FR-4 基板上制作了工作频率为 3.5 GHz 的微型 BLC，用于演示。测量结果与仿真结果显示出良好的一致性，使这些 BLC 成为要求高紧凑性的现代电信系统的合适选择。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Computational Electronics ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC-PHYSICS, APPLIED

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.80%

发文量

142

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： he Journal of Computational Electronics brings together research on all aspects of modeling and simulation of modern electronics. This includes optical, electronic, mechanical, and quantum mechanical aspects, as well as research on the underlying mathematical algorithms and computational details. The related areas of energy conversion/storage and of molecular and biological systems, in which the thrust is on the charge transport, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties, are also covered. In particular, we encourage manuscripts dealing with device simulation; with optical and optoelectronic systems and photonics; with energy storage (e.g. batteries, fuel cells) and harvesting (e.g. photovoltaic), with simulation of circuits, VLSI layout, logic and architecture (based on, for example, CMOS devices, quantum-cellular automata, QBITs, or single-electron transistors); with electromagnetic simulations (such as microwave electronics and components); or with molecular and biological systems. However, in all these cases, the submitted manuscripts should explicitly address the electronic properties of the relevant systems, materials, or devices and/or present novel contributions to the physical models, computational strategies, or numerical algorithms.