Causes and effects of sampling bias on marine Western Atlantic biodiversity knowledge

IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Micaele Niobe Martins Cardoso, Fernanda Azevedo, Alan Dias, Ana Carolina Sousa de Almeida, André R. Senna, Antonio C. Marques, Dafinny Rezende, Eduardo Hajdu, Erick Alves Pereira Lopes-Filho, Fábio Bettini Pitombo, Gabriela Moura de Oliveira, João Gabriel Doria, João Luís Carraro, Joel Campos De-Paula, Juliana Bahia, Juliana Magalhães de Araujo, Karla Paresque, Leandro Manzoni Vieira, Luanny Martins Fernandes, Luciano N. Santos, Lucília Souza Miranda, Maria Lucia Lorini, Michelle Klautau, Paulo Roberto Pagliosa, Pedro Henrique Braga Clerier, Rafael B. de Moura, Rafael da Rocha Fortes, Raquel A. F. Neves, Rosana Moreira da Rocha, Sérgio N. Stampar, Sula Salani, Thaís Pires Miranda, Ulisses Pinheiro, Virág Venekey, Ubirajara Oliveira
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

Knowledge gaps and sampling bias can lead to underestimations of species richness and distortions in the known distribution of species. The goal of this study is to identify potential gaps and biases in marine organisms sampling at the Western Atlantic Ocean, determine their causes and assess its effect on biodiversity metrics. We tested the potential interference of this bias with the representation of environmental conditions, potentially affecting biodiversity model predictions.

Location

Western Atlantic Ocean.

Methods

This study compiled data of marine species in online and institutional databases. The analysis of sampling effort and bias was conducted by mapping the density of records. A spatial autoregressive model (SAR) was employed to investigate the influence of accessibility as a determinant factor of the sampling bias. We tested whether the effect of the sampling bias could result from environmental bias in the samples, contrasting the environmental variables of the study area with those present in the biodiversity records. We examined the correlation between sampling effort in species richness and endemism.

Results

The USA has the highest number of records and density of records. There was a low correlation between the vertebrates, invertebrates and algae sample density patterns. Accessibility was identified as one of the main causes of sampling bias. The analysis of environmental bias indicated that the records do not represent all conditions present in the environment. Sampling density showed a strong relationship with endemism and a weaker relationship with species richness.

Main Conclusions

We have identified a strong sampling bias related to ease of access that equally affects vertebrates, invertebrates and algae, resulting in a skewed sampling of the environmental conditions where species occur. Sampling patterns differ among the groups. The intensity of sampling effort significantly impacts measures of richness and endemism, potentially undermining the accurate recognition of real biological diversity patterns.

Abstract Image

取样偏差对西大西洋海洋生物多样性知识的原因和影响
目的知识差距和取样偏差会导致物种丰富度被低估和已知物种分布失真。本研究的目标是找出西大西洋海洋生物取样中的潜在差距和偏差,确定其原因并评估其对生物多样性指标的影响。我们测试了这种偏差对环境条件代表性的潜在干扰,这可能会影响生物多样性模型的预测。通过绘制记录密度图,对取样工作和偏差进行了分析。采用空间自回归模型(SAR)研究了作为取样偏差决定因素的可达性的影响。我们将研究区域的环境变量与生物多样性记录中的环境变量进行了对比,检验了取样偏差的影响是否可能来自样本中的环境偏差。我们研究了物种丰富度和特有性采样工作之间的相关性。脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和藻类样本密度模式之间的相关性较低。交通便利是造成取样偏差的主要原因之一。对环境偏差的分析表明,记录并不代表环境中存在的所有情况。取样密度与特有性关系密切,而与物种丰富度的关系较弱。主要结论我们发现,取样偏差与交通便利程度有关,这同样影响到脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和藻类,导致对物种出现的环境条件的取样偏差。各组别的取样模式各不相同。取样工作的强度会对物种丰富度和特有性的测量产生重大影响,从而有可能影响对真实生物多样性模式的准确认识。
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来源期刊
Diversity and Distributions
Diversity and Distributions 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
195
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Diversity and Distributions is a journal of conservation biogeography. We publish papers that deal with the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses (being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa and assemblages) to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. We no longer consider papers the sole aim of which is to describe or analyze patterns of biodiversity or to elucidate processes that generate biodiversity.
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