Effects of short-term simulated acid rain and nitrogen deposition on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI:10.3389/fevo.2024.1365954

Yong Ding, Lianhao Sun, Chong Li, Meiling Chen, Yuexiang Zhou, Miaojing Meng, Zhenghao Li, Jinchi Zhang, Xin Liu

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Abstract

Acid rain and nitrogen deposition are emerging as global scale environmental issues due to increasing industrial emissions and agricultural pollutants, which seriously impac t the sustainable development of global ecosystems. However, the specific effects both acid rain and nitrogen deposition interactions on forest soil ecosystems, particularly as relates to the soil nutrient content and enzyme activities, remain unclear. Therefore, we established a simulated sample plot of acid rain (SR, NR) and nitrogen deposition (N) and their interactions (SRN, NRN) in a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata (C. lanceolata) plantation in the Yangtze River Delta region of China to investigate the impacts of these factors via correlation analysis and structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that acid rain had a stronger effect on soil pH than nitrogen deposition in C. lanceolata plantation, while the simultaneous addition of acid rain and nitrogen deposition exacerbated soil acidification. Soil available potassium, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in C. lanceolata plantation responded more obviously to acid rain and nitrogen deposition, in which acid rain, nitrogen deposition and their interactions significantly reduced soil available potassium content, while acid rain and nitrogen deposition interactions significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content. Nitric acid rain, nitrogen deposition and their interactions significantly increased soil NAGase activity, but significantly decreased soil urease activity; the single-factor treatment of acid rain and nitrogen deposition significantly increased soil arylsulfatase activity, while the interaction of acid rain and nitrogen deposition significantly decreased soil arylsulfatase activity; in general, the interaction of acid rain and nitrogen deposition had a stronger effect on the soil ecosystem of the C. lanceolata plantation than that of single acid rain or nitrogen deposition, of which nitrogen deposition exacerbated the effects of acid rain on the soil ecosystem of C. lanceolata plantation mainly by changing the soil pH and the content of effective nutrients.

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短期模拟酸雨和氮沉降对杉木种植园土壤养分和酶活性的影响

由于工业排放和农业污染物的增加，酸雨和氮沉降正在成为全球性的环境问题，严重影响了全球生态系统的可持续发展。然而，酸雨和氮沉降相互作用对森林土壤生态系统的具体影响，尤其是对土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响仍不清楚。因此，我们在中国长江三角洲地区的亚热带杉木人工林中建立了酸雨（SR、NR）和氮沉降（N）及其相互作用（SRN、NRN）的模拟样地，通过相关分析和结构方程模型（SEM）研究这些因素的影响。结果表明，酸雨比氮沉降对千层塔种植园土壤pH值的影响更大，而酸雨和氮沉降的同时作用加剧了土壤酸化。土壤可利用钾、铵态氮和硝态氮对酸雨和氮沉降的反应更为明显，其中酸雨、氮沉降及其相互作用显著降低了土壤可利用钾含量，而酸雨和氮沉降相互作用显著增加了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量。硝酸雨、氮沉积及其交互作用显著提高了土壤 NAG 酶活性，但显著降低了土壤脲酶活性；酸雨和氮沉积的单因素处理显著提高了土壤赤霉酸酶活性，而酸雨和氮沉积的交互作用显著降低了土壤赤霉酸酶活性；总体而言，酸雨和氮沉积的交互作用对 C. lanceolata 种植园土壤生态系统的影响强于酸雨和氮沉积的交互作用。其中，氮沉降主要通过改变土壤 pH 值和有效养分含量加剧了酸雨对蓝花楹土壤生态系统的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

1143

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.