Jing Zhang , Yasir Shaheen Khalil , Tianhu Li , Xueqiu Wang , Weili Guo , Lei Wang , Jun Hong , Huishan Zhang
{"title":"Source, distribution patterns and resources potential of selenium in soil of north Pakistan: Revealed by a national-scale geochemical mapping","authors":"Jing Zhang , Yasir Shaheen Khalil , Tianhu Li , Xueqiu Wang , Weili Guo , Lei Wang , Jun Hong , Huishan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107470","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During national scale geochemical mapping in Pakistan, 69 elements including selenium were analyzed in 2563 stream sediment samples, which filled the gap of selenium distribution in the middle section of Tethyan metallogenic belt. The sampling density was 1–2 sites /100 km<sup>2</sup>. The geochemical concentration of selenium in the samples range from 0.008 to 6.849 mg/kg with an average value of 0.306 mg/kg. The highest average concentration of Se was found in the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt (anomaly III3), whereas the lowest is in WKLT Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc. The type of soil in Pakistan with the highest Se concentration is entisol. The high selenium anomalies are delineated in the northeast of Quetta, near Muslim Bagh, in Mekhtar-Musa Khel area and its southwest region, north of Quetta and Khushab. Three strong selenium anomalies have also been identified in the northeast of Islamabad, northwest of Rawalpindi and the east of Dargai, respectively. It is suggested that selenium anomalies, having a correlation with elements of Mo, CaO, S, Sr, are mainly caused by geological background of shale, coal and coal-bearing formations. Negative anomalies are mainly distributed in the northern Pakistan, which is mostly consists of bedrocks with no or very thin layer of soil. The product of anomaly intensity and variance are defined as prospecting favorable degree (Pfd). The product of Pfd and area (S) are defined as Quantity of Mineral (Qm). There are two anomalies with the highest Pfd in the east of Quetta city, and the anomaly in the southwest of Kundian ranks third. The selenium anomalies indicate the areas of potential Se enrichment and supply basic data and information for geochemical investigation on a larger scale or selenium relevant research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375674224000864","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
During national scale geochemical mapping in Pakistan, 69 elements including selenium were analyzed in 2563 stream sediment samples, which filled the gap of selenium distribution in the middle section of Tethyan metallogenic belt. The sampling density was 1–2 sites /100 km2. The geochemical concentration of selenium in the samples range from 0.008 to 6.849 mg/kg with an average value of 0.306 mg/kg. The highest average concentration of Se was found in the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt (anomaly III3), whereas the lowest is in WKLT Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc. The type of soil in Pakistan with the highest Se concentration is entisol. The high selenium anomalies are delineated in the northeast of Quetta, near Muslim Bagh, in Mekhtar-Musa Khel area and its southwest region, north of Quetta and Khushab. Three strong selenium anomalies have also been identified in the northeast of Islamabad, northwest of Rawalpindi and the east of Dargai, respectively. It is suggested that selenium anomalies, having a correlation with elements of Mo, CaO, S, Sr, are mainly caused by geological background of shale, coal and coal-bearing formations. Negative anomalies are mainly distributed in the northern Pakistan, which is mostly consists of bedrocks with no or very thin layer of soil. The product of anomaly intensity and variance are defined as prospecting favorable degree (Pfd). The product of Pfd and area (S) are defined as Quantity of Mineral (Qm). There are two anomalies with the highest Pfd in the east of Quetta city, and the anomaly in the southwest of Kundian ranks third. The selenium anomalies indicate the areas of potential Se enrichment and supply basic data and information for geochemical investigation on a larger scale or selenium relevant research.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics.
Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to:
define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas.
analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation.
evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment.
trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices.
assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment.
determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis.
assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches.
Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.