Masked or not, I smile to you: Exploring full-term and preterm infants' social smiles to adults wearing a protective facemask

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI:10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.101947

Elena Pezzotti , Livio Provenzi , Cecilia Naboni , Elena Capelli , Stefano Ghirardello , Renato Borgatti , Simona Orcesi

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Abstract

The early emergence of social smiles is an important milestone of infants' socio-emotional development. Our aim was to assess how the use of protective facemasks by adults affects the display of social smiles in preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) infants at 3 months (corrected age for prematurity). We enrolled 30 FT and 30 PT infants (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks). Infants' social smiles displays were assessed at 2–3-month-age (corrected) across a three-episode (masked mother; unmasked mother; masked adult female stranger) videotaped interactive task. During each episode, the adult was instructed to maintain specific facial expressions (happy-smiling, sad-frowning, neutral-unresponsive) for 15 second windows and then instructed to interact spontaneously for 45 s (of which the first 15 s were coded). FT and PT infants did not differ in the display of social smiles. In both groups, social smiles were mostly exhibited in response to happy/smiling and spontaneously interacting partners. Overall, no effect of wearing a protective facemask emerged. The use of protective facemasks did not result in a lower display of social smiles. The findings suggest that FT and PT might be equally sensitive to their adult interactive partners in terms of social smiles displays at 2–3-month-age.

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无论是否戴口罩，我都会对你微笑：探索足月婴儿和早产儿对戴着保护性面罩的成人的社交微笑

社交微笑的早期出现是婴儿社会情感发展的一个重要里程碑。我们的目的是评估成人使用保护性口罩对早产儿（PT）和足月儿（FT）3 个月时（早产儿校正年龄）社交微笑的影响。我们招募了 30 名早产儿和 30 名足月儿（胎龄小于 32 周）。在婴儿2-3个月大（校正后）时，通过三集（蒙面母亲；未蒙面母亲；蒙面成年女性陌生人）录像互动任务对婴儿的社交微笑表现进行评估。在每一集中，成人被要求在 15 秒内保持特定的面部表情（开心-微笑、悲伤-皱眉、中性-无反应），然后被要求自发互动 45 秒（其中前 15 秒被编码）。FT 婴儿和 PT 婴儿在展示社交微笑方面没有差异。在这两组婴儿中，社交微笑大多是对快乐/微笑和自发互动的伙伴做出的反应。总体而言，佩戴保护性口罩没有影响。使用保护性口罩并没有导致社交微笑的减少。研究结果表明，在2-3个月大时，FT和PT对成人互动伙伴的社交微笑表现可能同样敏感。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Infant Behavior & Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： Infant Behavior & Development publishes empirical (fundamental and clinical), theoretical, methodological and review papers. Brief reports dealing with behavioral development during infancy (up to 3 years) will also be considered. Papers of an inter- and multidisciplinary nature, for example neuroscience, non-linear dynamics and modelling approaches, are particularly encouraged. Areas covered by the journal include cognitive development, emotional development, perception, perception-action coupling, motor development and socialisation.