Sleep disorders in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Abstract

Aim of the work

To determine the frequency of sleep disturbances in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify associated factors.

Patients and methods

This study included 100 RA patients. The disease activity score (DAS28), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-pain and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were assessed. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess sleep quality.

Results

The patients were 89 females and 11 males, mean age 53.2 ± 11.2 years (21–76 years) and disease duration was 11.1 ± 8.9 years (1–40 years).The meanTJC was 8.5 ± 7.9 (0–24), SJC 4 ± 4.8 (0–24) and VAS 51 ± 21 mm (10–90 mm). Their mean DAS28 was 3.9 ± 1.1 (1–6.15) and HAQ 1.3 ± 0.7 (0–2.9). The ESS was 7.9 ± 5.6 (0–24). 28 % of patients had signs of daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥ 11 points) with a significant association with female sex (p = 0.03), TJC (p = 0.03), SJC (p = 0.02), DAS28 (p = 0.05), VAS (p = 0.04) and HAQ (p < 0.01). The mean Pittsburgh score was 6.9 ± 5.1 (0–19). 51 % of patients had disturbed sleep (PSQI > 5.5 points). The most disturbed components were respectively sleep latency (1.5 ± 1.1), subjective sleep quality (1.25 ± 0.8) and sleep disorders (1.19 ± 0.8). Disturbed sleep assessed by PSQI had a significant association with TJC (p < 0.01), SJC (p < 0.01), C-reactive protein, nocturnal awakening (p < 0.01), DAS28 (p < 0.01), VAS-pain (p < 0.01), HAQ (p < 0.01), and corticosteroid intake (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Half of the patients had sleep disorders with a significant association with disease activity parameters which underline the importance of ensuring remission or low level of activity to improve the quality of sleep of patients.