Screening for Renal Function Impairment in Patients with Chronic Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the present study was to detect early biochemical changes, in type II diabetics, indicating renal function impairment leading to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Methodology: This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry at Shaikh Zayed FPGMI, Lahore during September 2016 to April 2017. It was a cross-sectional analytical study and was done through nonprobability convenient sampling The study comprised of 50 diagnosed patients of type II diabetes mellitus (for the last 10 years) and 50 healthy subjects. Both male and female participants in equal number between the age of 35-75 were included in the study. Blood glucose level (random), blood urea, serum creatinine, urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were estimated and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) in mg/g was calculated. eGFR was also calculated using S/creatinine. The lab values of the study parameters were recorded on the designed proforma after getting proper written consent from the participants. SPSS 20.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Mean values of random plasma glucose level, blood urea, serum creatinine, urine albumin, urine creatinine, ACR and eGFR of patients when compared with those of healthy group showed significant p-values (≤0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in renal laboratory parameters between diabetic patients and healthy controls indicating the presence of CKD. In a developing country like Pakistan type II diabetes mellitus is an incidental finding due to lack of regular health monitoring and it is very difficult to determine the exact duration of the disease. Patients of type II DM develop CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) due to persistent high plasma glucose levels. Therefore good control of DM and regular monitoring of renal parameters will be helpful in preventing the development of CKD. Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus, Nephropathy, Chronic Kidney Disease, Urinary Albumin to Creatinine ratio.