ADVANCEMENTS IN INVASOMES FOR ENHANCED DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

The pursuit of enhanced efficacy and tailored delivery has motivated the assessment of medication delivery methods. Conventional methods have established the groundwork, but progress is necessary to surmount their constraints. This thorough analysis delves into the novel field of invasomes, a kind of vesicular carriers intended to improve medication delivery across biological barriers. An outline of conventional medication administration methods is given at the outset of the paper, highlighting the necessity of cutting edge techniques. It introduces vesicular carriers, focusing on the well-established liposomes, and traces the evolution towards invasomes. The distinctive features of invasomes specifically, their invasiveness are emphasized, tackling the crucial difficulty of attaining therapeutic concentrations at target locations. The dissection of the structure and content of invasomes highlights the importance of surfactants, lipid composition, and other components that contribute to their increased penetrating capacities. A particular focus is on the malleable character of invasomes, which allows them to effectively pass through biological membranes and narrow spaces. There is discussion of several techniques for preparing invasomes, such as freeze drying, ether injection, thin film hydration, and reverse phase evaporation. Researchers can choose the best strategies based on specific requirements by comparing various methods and seeing how they affect invasome features. The review explores various analytical techniques for characterizing invasomes, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, particle size, spectroscopy, and microscopy. The successful use of these strategies in medication delivery can be attributed to their insights into invasive characteristics. Success stories in dermatology, cancer therapy, ocular drug delivery, infectious diseases, vaccines, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular therapies are highlighted as the broad range of therapeutic areas in which invasomes are applied are examined. The encouraging results demonstrate how invasomes have the potential to completely transform drug delivery in a variety of medical fields. There is a discussion of the present state and potential future developments of invadesomes in regulatory approval procedures.