The challenges of preserving our modernist public parks

Eszter Karlócainé Bakay, Antal Gergely, Vera Takácsné Zajacz
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Abstract

Among the projects of the 20th century modern landscape architecture, there are some works that deserve to be pre-served as an integral part of the garden heritage. A world-wide inventory and evaluation of this landscape heritage is currently underway to identify those works that best represent the landscape architecture of the period.How can these works be restored in a way that meets today's ecological and social sustainability requirements without losing their original character? In the intensively used public parks presented in this article, complete reconstruction is generally not feasible, but the scale of the transformation is a central issue. International experi-ence shows how unclear the criteria for aspects of select-ing works to be preserved. For the time being, it is still often a subjective judgement, even within the professional community, whether the intervention used in the renova-tion process changes the composition of the original work.The renewal of any historic park and garden from any era must address sustainability, usually primarily from an ecological perspective. However, the contemporary regeneration of public parks and urban open spaces from the modern era, which are still intensively used today, is further complicated by the need for contemporary recrea-tional functions to be incorporated during the renovation and the application of universal design principles, which present additional challenges to integrate. Social sustain-ability is a strong requirement at these renovations.In this article, we analyse four modern public parks that were been renewed in the last 25 years or are in the process revitalization. In our country today, there is still no professional consensus as to which modern public parks can be considered valuable and worth preserv-ing for the future - if not through complete reconstruc-tion, then by carefully preserving the basic concept and compositional principles. The guiding principle in the selection of the public parks presented in this article was that they should be of different periods and have different recreational functions, with different challenges in their restoration.
保护现代主义公共公园的挑战
在 20 世纪现代园林建筑项目中,有一些作品值得作为园林遗产的组成部分预先保存。目前正在对这些景观遗产进行世界范围内的清点和评估,以确定那些最能代表当时景观建筑的作品。如何才能以符合当今生态和社会可持续发展要求的方式修复这些作品,同时又不失去其原有特色?在本文介绍的使用率较高的公共公园中,完全重建一般是不可行的,但改造的规模是一个核心问题。国际经验表明,选择保留工程的标准并不明确。就目前而言,即使是在专业团体内部,对于改造过程中使用的干预措施是否改变了原作的构成,往往仍是一种主观判断。任何时代的任何历史公园和花园的改造都必须解决可持续性问题,通常主要是从生态角度出发。然而,近代以来的公园和城市开放空间至今仍在被大量使用,其现代改造工作也变得更加复杂,因为在改造过程中需要融入现代休闲功能,并应用通用设计原则,这给整合工作带来了更多挑战。在本文中,我们分析了四个在过去 25 年中翻新或正在翻新的现代公共公园。在我们国家,对于哪些现代公共公园可以被认为是有价值的、值得为未来保留的,仍然没有达成专业共识--如果不是通过完全重建,也可以通过谨慎保留基本概念和构成原则。本文选择公共公园的指导原则是,它们应处于不同时期,具有不同的休闲功能,在修复时面临不同的挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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