A telepítési sűrűség és a lombkorona-borítottság vizsgálata budapesti szabadtereken

Barna Tóth, Judit Doma-Tarcsányi, Krisztina Szabó
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Abstract

Trees in public open spaces are an important part of the urban green space system, which has to adapt to increasingly difficult conditions due to urbanisation, climate change and human activity. Green spaces are a major factor in improving the microclimate, helping to protect biodiversity and playing an important aesthetic role, so they need to be preserved and enhanced. In our country, since the 2000s, a large number of studies and civil initiatives have highlighted the importance of green spaces, but typically from a quantitative approach. However, improving the quality of planting is an equally important task. Our research assesses the canopy cover of trees in open spaces in Budapest in terms of planting density, with a focus on the planting distance of trees in certain squares and streets and the resulting cover values. In our studies, we have considered the quantitative and qualitative variation in crown canopy cover at the time of planting and in maturity, so we can formulate ideal planting suggestions based on the environment, requirements and characteristics (crown shape, growth vigour) of each taxa. In the series of case studies, we first studied the woody species of one of the most important intermodal nodes of Budapest, Móricz Zsigmond Square and Bartók Béla Street. The canopy cover of the square reaches the ideally defined minimum canopy cover of 25-30% in 5-7 years. Considering canopy cover and planting density, it was found that in 2023 the canopy cover of the trees in the Móricz Zsigmond square averages 13%, while at maturity it will cover more than 50%. This means that about half of the tree crowns will be able to have the highest potential impact in terms of ecosystem services.
考察布达佩斯空地的种植密度和树冠覆盖率
公共开放空间中的树木是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,由于城市化、气候变化和人类活动,城市绿地系统必须适应日益困难的条件。绿地是改善小气候的重要因素,有助于保护生物多样性,并发挥着重要的美学作用,因此需要加以保护和加强。在我国,自 2000 年代以来,大量研究和民间倡议都强调了绿地的重要性,但通常都是从定量的角度出发。然而,提高种植质量也是一项同样重要的任务。我们的研究从种植密度的角度评估了布达佩斯开放空间的树冠覆盖率,重点关注某些广场和街道的树木种植距离以及由此产生的覆盖值。在研究中,我们考虑了树冠覆盖率在种植时和成熟期的定量和定性变化,从而可以根据环境、要求和每个类群的特征(树冠形状、生长活力)制定理想的种植建议。在一系列案例研究中,我们首先研究了布达佩斯最重要的多式联运节点之一--Móricz Zsigmond 广场和 Bartók Béla 大街的木本物种。该广场的树冠覆盖率在 5-7 年内达到理想的最低树冠覆盖率 25-30%。考虑到树冠覆盖率和种植密度,我们发现到 2023 年,Móricz Zsigmond 广场上树木的树冠覆盖率平均为 13%,而成熟时树冠覆盖率将超过 50%。这意味着约有一半的树冠将能在生态系统服务方面产生最大的潜在影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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