INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE PREVALENCE OF SUGESCENT PESTS

M.I. Murzina
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Abstract

The article presents the actual results of observations on the prevalence of sugescent pests in the Rostov region, the dynamics of abundance, population, and the peculiarities of the phenological development of pests on technical varieties, depending on meteorological conditions. It is noted that an air temperature of +14 ... +30 ºC and a relative humidity of 52 % are necessary to maintain viability and fertility. The eggs of the buffalo ceresa leafhopper overwinter in the branches and trunks of trees of woody species, often in young annual shoots. The female ovipositor cuts the bark and lays eggs in two rows of 5-11 eggs. Damage by the buffalo ceresa leafhopper causes a violation of the flow of nutrients to the tops of shoots, weakening and a sharp decrease in their growth. The rose leafhopper gives up to 4 generations during the summer. Damaged leaves turn yellow, photosynthesis processes are disrupted in them, plant nutrition deteriorates, which affects the reduction of economically valuable indicators. The presence of sucking pests increases the risk of spreading viral diseases. Insecticides and phytosanitary monitoring are most effective in fruit-bearing vineyards only in combination with high agricultural techniques of cultivation. In this connection, there is a decrease in yield losses and environmental pollution with chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with weeds in a timely manner, to carry out maintenance work to ensure good ventilation of grape bushes, to regularly carry out phytosanitary monitoring of the population with sugescent pests and diseases, to carry out row-to-row tillage. Chemical treatments are necessary only if the threshold number of pests is exceeded. The article provides suggestions on how to contain the number of pests at a low level to obtain an environmentally safe grape yield.
气象条件对糖类害虫流行的影响
文章介绍了对罗斯托夫地区糖生害虫的流行情况、丰度动态、种群数量以及害虫在技术品种上的物候发展特点(取决于气象条件)的实际观察结果。值得注意的是,气温 +14 ...+30 ºC 和 52 % 的相对湿度是保持生命力和繁殖力的必要条件。水牛叶蝉的卵在木本树种的树枝和树干上越冬,通常在一年生幼芽中越冬。雌虫产卵器切开树皮,产下两行 5-11 粒卵。水牛叶蝉的危害会导致流向嫩枝顶端的养分受到破坏,树势减弱,生长量急剧下降。玫瑰叶蝉在夏季最多能繁殖 4 代。被害叶片变黄,光合作用中断,植物营养恶化,影响经济价值指标的降低。吸食性害虫的存在增加了病毒性疾病传播的风险。只有结合高水平的农业栽培技术,杀虫剂和植物检疫监测对结果葡萄园才最有效。这样可以减少化学品造成的产量损失和环境污染。因此,有必要及时处理杂草,进行维护工作以确保葡萄树丛通风良好,定期对糖渍病虫害种群进行植物检疫监测,进行逐行耕作。只有当害虫数量超过阈值时,才需要进行化学处理。文章就如何将害虫数量控制在较低水平以获得环境安全的葡萄产量提出了建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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