ON THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF CREATION OF CITRUS «TREE GARDENS»

Vycheslav Mihailovich Gorshkov
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Abstract

The main breeding techniques used in the 50s of the 19th century by breeder F.M. Zorin – creator of the Friendship Tree, candidate of agricultural sciences (1944), are considered. Fyodor Mikhailovich developed valuable varieties of mandarin oranges, grapefruits, lemons, plums, figs, and hazelnuts. Author of more than 40 scientific papers. He was awarded the State Prize for the creation of new varieties of fruit plants. This article shows theoretical research and practically used methods for breeding new varieties of citrus fruits. The basis of his research was vegetative hybridization (from Greek “hybris” – inbreeding) – the production of hybrids by grafting. Zorin F.M. paid a special role in the breeding work to “tree gardens”, which were of both scientific and industrial importance. Fruits from such a tree could change shape, size, color and ripening time. At the same time, he paid attention not only to the selection of the scion, but also the rootstock. As a result, such a tree had many trunks, and the crown consisted of numerous varieties and species of three genera – Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus of the Rutaceae family. Almost the entire Pomeranian subfamily (Aurantioideae) grafts onto each other and is highly compatible. It is important to take into account varietal characteristics: timing of flowering and ripening, as well as their biology. The main advantages of citrus «tree-gardens» are the saving of garden space, the aesthetic appearance of the trees and originality, as well as the ability to obtain more varieties per unit area.
创建柑橘 "树园 "的科学依据
本报告介绍了育种家 F.M. 佐林--友谊树的创造者、农业科学候选人(1944 年)--在 19 世纪 50 年代使用的主要育种技术。费奥多尔-米哈伊洛维奇培育出了柑橘、葡萄柚、柠檬、李子、无花果和榛子等珍贵品种。著有 40 多篇科学论文。他因创造水果植物新品种而荣获国家奖。这篇文章展示了培育柑橘类水果新品种的理论研究和实际应用方法。他的研究基础是无性杂交(源自希腊语 "hybris"--近亲繁殖)--通过嫁接产生杂交种。佐林-F.M.在育种工作中特别重视 "树园",这在科学和工业上都具有重要意义。这种树的果实可以改变形状、大小、颜色和成熟时间。同时,他不仅重视接穗的选择,还重视砧木的选择。因此,这样一棵树有许多树干,树冠上有芸香科柑橘属、佛手瓜属、椪柑属三个属的许多品种和种类。几乎整个波美拉尼亚亚科(Aurantioideae)都可以相互嫁接,而且兼容性很强。重要的是要考虑到品种的特性:开花和成熟的时间,以及它们的生物学特性。柑橘 "树上花园 "的主要优点是节省花园空间,树的外观美观,具有独创性,以及在单位面积内能获得更多的品种。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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