VITAMINS, MINERAL AND AROMA-FORMING SUBSTANCES IN THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF GRAPE BERRIES OF NARMA AND RKATSITELI VARIETIES

Abstract

Grape berries, which contain organic substances, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, aromatic substances, have valuable taste and nutritional properties. An important source of biologically active substances are the pulp, skin and seeds of grape berries containing a significant amount of essential components. The purpose of the work is to determine the biochemical parameters: biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances in the structural elements of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties cultivated in Dagestan. A capillary electrophoresis system was used to determine vitamins, composition and number of cations. The research was carried out on the device «Kapel 104T», RF, NPF LUMEX. The aroma-forming components in the experimental samples were identified using a gas chromatograph «Crystal 2000M» (RF). The mass concentration of antioxidants was measured on the device TSVET YAUZA 01-AA, (RF). The total amount of vitamins and vitamin-like substances in the autochthonous Narma variety was: in the pulp - 0.7123 mg/dm3 , in the skin – 3.4101 mg/dm3 and in the seeds – 3.7827 mg/dm3 . The total concentration of mineral elements in the skin of the studied grapes (Narma –33,2 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli – 20,8 mg/dm3 ) is higher than in the pulp and seeds. Significant total amounts of antioxidants were found in the seeds of the studied grapes: Narma – 6.71 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli – 8.51 mg/dm3 . High concentrations of aroma-forming substances were determined in the skin and seeds of berries of the Narma variety – 376.26 and 253.71 mg/dm3 , and in the Rkatsiteli variety the content of these compounds was 82.34 and 91.00 mg/dm3 , respectively. The research results complement the biochemical characteristics of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties, which can be successfully used as raw materials in the food industry to enrich food with biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances.