H3N2: A Perspective on Re-emergence of Influenza Pandemic

Abstract

Annual seasonal influenza has been commonly experienced in most parts of the world since it was first introduced in 1968. The Influenza virus has been evolving genetically with time, which makes an escape into the host cell easier. The H1N1 Influenza pandemic started in 1918; by 1957, H1N1 was replaced by H2N2; following this, H3N2 emerged in 1968, replacing H2N2; in 2009, the H1N1 influenza re-emerged and lasted up to 2019. The increasing cases of the Influenza virus have consistently indicated a sudden re-emergence of a pandemic. To provide a perspective overview of the re-emergence of the Influenza pandemic. With published literature from the past. All studies have been extracted from widely referred databases, such as PubMed and Embase. This data has been extracted in a text file by running several strategic individual searches using specific MeSH terms. In the contemporary world, influenza is still a constant threat. Because of the virus's fast mutation rate due to antigenic drift and shift, increased international travel, and urbanization, it is crucial to have effective surveillance, early diagnosis, and quick reaction mechanisms. Public health initiatives, antiviral medications, and vaccination efforts are essential for reducing the effects of seasonal epidemics and possible pandemics. The resurgence of the influenza virus underscores the need for prioritizing readiness and teamwork. With the help of scientific and technological developments and lessons learned from history, we can lessen the effects of future outbreaks. This finding opens up new avenues for investigation and provides insight into the possibility of pandemic recurrence in the future.