Adhesive interaction of orthodontic plate appliances with mixed oral microbiota

A. Sheregov, Z. F. Kharaeva, M. S. Mustafaev, D. S. Bozieva, L. R. Asanova
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Abstract

Relevance. The presence of an orthodontic appliance within the oral cavity enhances the formation of supplementary retention sites for the adhesion of microorganisms. The porosity of acrylic base materials, coupled with their limited polishability, further predisposes the surface to contamination by a biofilm of microorganisms. Evaluating the capacity of materials to attract bacterial adherence to their surfaces represents a crucial phase in patient treatment.Purpose. This study aims to perform a comprehensive clinical and laboratory investigation into the adhesive properties of orthodontic plate appliances crafted from various dental plastics concerning the mixed oral microbiota.Materials and methods. In vitro research was conducted, focusing on both removable and non-removable orthodontic plate appliances featuring a base composed of dental plastics (referred to as Sample 1 and Sample 2). The study included 80 orthodontic patients, comprising 50 children aged 8 to 12 years with removable appliances and 30 children aged 8 to 10 years with non-removable plate appliances. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the material of their appliances: the first group, pertaining to those with removable appliances (Subgroup 1A – Sample 1, 25 individuals, and Subgroup 1B – Sample 2, 25 individuals); the second group, comprising individuals with non-removable appliances (Subgroup 2A – Sample 1, 15 individuals, and Subgroup 2B – Sample 2, 15 individuals).Results. In the in vitro investigations, it was observed that the average colonization of removable plates was 100 times lower (4.5 log CFU/ml) compared to non-removable plates (5.5 log CFU/ml; p < 0.05). The average colonization of plates composed of plastic (Sample 2) demonstrated a significant reduction, approximately 200 times (4.0 log CFU/ml), compared to plates made of plastic (Sample 1) (6.0 log CFU/ml; p < 0.05). Upon evaluating the overall colonization of the oral cavity, bacterial growth ranged between 106-7 CFU/ml in patients with appliances made of plastic Sample 1, whereas in patients with appliances made of plastic Sample 2, the range was limited to 103-4 CFU/ml (p < 0,05).Conclusion. The statistical analysis reveals a significant disparity in the adhesive activity of microorganisms to orthodontic plate appliances constructed from materials of distinct production origins, with notably lower adherence observed on smoother surfaces (specifically those made of plastic Sample 2). This underscores the importance of meticulous consideration for the polishability properties inherent in the materials utilized in the manufacturing of orthodontic appliances.
正畸板矫治器与混合口腔微生物群的粘附相互作用
相关性。口腔内正畸装置的存在会增加微生物附着的辅助固位点。丙烯酸基底材料的多孔性及其有限的抛光性,使其表面更容易受到微生物生物膜的污染。评估材料表面吸引细菌附着的能力是患者治疗的关键阶段。本研究旨在对由各种牙科塑料制成的正畸板装置与混合口腔微生物群的粘附性进行全面的临床和实验室调查。体外研究主要针对以牙科塑料为基底的可移动和不可移动正畸板矫治器(称为样本 1 和样本 2)。研究包括 80 名正畸患者,其中 50 名 8 至 12 岁的儿童使用可摘矫正器,30 名 8 至 10 岁的儿童使用不可摘矫正器。根据矫治器的材料将患者分为两组:第一组是使用可摘矫治器的患者(子组 1A - 样本 1,25 人;子组 1B - 样本 2,25 人);第二组是使用不可摘矫治器的患者(子组 2A - 样本 1,15 人;子组 2B - 样本 2,15 人)。在体外研究中观察到,可摘取牙板的平均定植率(4.5 log CFU/ml)比不可摘取牙板(5.5 log CFU/ml;p < 0.05)低 100 倍。与塑料板(样品 1)(6.0 log CFU/ml;p < 0.05)相比,塑料板(样品 2)的平均菌落数大幅减少了约 200 倍(4.0 log CFU/ml)。在评估口腔的整体定植情况时,使用塑料样本 1 制成的牙套的患者的细菌生长范围在 106-7 CFU/ml 之间,而使用塑料样本 2 制成的牙套的患者的细菌生长范围仅限于 103-4 CFU/ml(p < 0.05)。统计分析表明,微生物对由不同产地材料制成的正畸板矫治器的粘附活性存在显著差异,在较光滑的表面(特别是由塑料样品 2 制成的矫治器)上观察到的粘附性明显较低。这强调了在制造正畸装置时仔细考虑所用材料固有的可抛光性的重要性。
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