A longitudinal Study on The Impact of Multicultural Youth’s Bicultural Experience, Social Support, and Multicultural Support Policies on Achievement Motivation: Latent Growth Model and Hierarchy Linear Model Analysis

Abstract

This study was undertaken to determine how dual cultural experience and social support change the motivations of multicultural youths and to suggest a policy and practical and academic measures to improve achievement motivation in this population. Frequency analysis and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 22.0, and Latent Growth Model (LGM) analysis was performed after using the Full Information Maximization Likelihood method to cope with missing data. Finally, Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) analysis was conducted to examine the effects of interactions on achievement motivation. The study has three primary findings. First, initial values of achievement motivation and bicultural acceptance attitude had a significant positive impact on achievement motivation (β=.176, P<.001), but the rate of change in achievement motivation had a significant negative impact (β=-.054, P<.001). Second, social support had a significant positive impact on the initial level of achievement motivation (β=.348, P<.001) but a significant negative impact on the rate of change of achievement motivation (β=-.978, P<.001). Third, the interaction between interpersonal relationships and multicultural support policies significantly affected achievement motivation (t=2.184, P<.01).