Phytochemicals and Selected Elemental Analysis of Dioscorea bulbifera Bulbils: An Uncommon Yam in Nigeria

Abstract

The objective of the study was to investigate the biochemical content of Dioscorea bulbifera bulbils, commonly known as Arial yam, collected from Agbura, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis showed 26% moisture content, which is moderate and slightly higher than amount reported in the literature. Ash content was 15.41%, indicating a moderately high mineral content compared to previous reports. The bulbils contained 2.6% protein, 24% carbohydrates, 0.12% fat, and 31.87% fiber respectively. The carbohydrate content suggests that the bubils can be a good source of energy, and the high fiber content is beneficial for digestive health and weight management. Mineral analysis showed 105.48 mg/l Potassium (K), 1.30 mg/l Iron (Fe), 108.11 mg/l Sodium (Na), 11.00 mg/l Copper (Cu), 0.01 mg/l Magnesium (Mg), 0.327 mg/l Zinc (Zn) and 0.02 mg/l Phosphorus. GC-MS spectrum of hexane extract of the bulbils showed 48 different peaks, indicating the presence of 48 bioactive compounds. Some of these bioactive compounds, such as Prenol and 2H-Pyran, 2-(3-butynyloxy)tetrahydro, exhibit antimicrobial properties. This research also revealed that D. bulbifera bubils contain toxic compounds, such as 2-Propenoic acid, 2-propenyl ester, Benzene, 2,4-Hexadiyne, and Toluene. These compounds can be hazardous to the environment and human health, causing irritation, respiratory issues, and other health concerns. Hence, it is crucial not to underestimate the potential toxicity of D. bulbifera bubils. It is imperative to exercise caution and engage in thorough deliberation before considering their use.