Current therapies of urinary tract infections and prevention of multi drug resistance

Abstract

Urinary Tract Infections are very severe public health problem and are caused by  Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter and Staphylococcus etc. . Recurrent UTIs and multi drug resistance causes increasing in the economic burden. In this review article we discuss about the pathogens causing UTI, prevalence, current treatment options, multi drug resistance and it’s prevention. For prophylactic management in recurrent UTIs, there are no standard and uniform guidelines . Over use and misuse of the antibiotics leads to drug resistance in the patients. Mostly clinicians use empirical or targeted anti infective agents in the prevention and treatment of UTI along with long term low dose prophylactic antibiotics. However against the growing drug resistance within the uropatgogens, alternative non antibiotic strategies like immuno prophylaxis, estrogen replacement in women are becoming an extremely attractive and reasonable solution in reducing the resistance.