Peculiarities of biochemical and mineral composition of lettuce Lactuca sativa L. grown from seeds after long-term storage in the International Space Station

Vegetable crops of Russia Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI:10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-37-42

V. A. Kharchenko, N. А. Golubkina, L. Skrypnik, O. Murariu, G. Caruso

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Abstract

Seed storage of agricultural crops in the conditions of International Space Station (ISS) is an effective method of quick plant breeding aimed to enhance the adaptability, and improve the biologically active compound accumulation and crop yield. Biochemical and mineral composition (ICP-MS) of lettuce grown in greenhouse from seeds stored for one year at the ISS was assessed. High varietal differences in lettuce tolerance to the effect of micro-gravity and radiation were evaluated using the values of yield, biometrical parameters, antioxidant status and plant mineral composition. Among the cultivars studied, i.e. Petrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy, Picnic, Cavalier and Bouquet, only the cvs. Retrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy and Picnik retained seed viability. Significant yield increase was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy, while the cvs. Petrovich, Synthesis and Picnic demonstrated a tendency to the yield decrease. Improvement of photosynthetic pigment accumulation due to seed space storage was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy and, particularly, the latter cultivar differed from the other cvs. due to the significantly higher proline level and lower MDA levels in leaves. Though space stress did not cause any significant decrease in antioxidant accumulation of plants, the latter demonstrated valuable changes in mineral composition. Among the 23 elements tested, V, Se. Fe and Cr showed higher concentrations compared to those in the control plants. Positive correlations between Ca, Sr, Cd, Cp, Mg, Mo and Pb were recorded (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).

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在国际空间站长期储存后从种子培育出的莴苣（Lactuca sativa L.）的生物化学和矿物质成分的特殊性

在国际空间站（ISS）条件下贮藏农作物种子是快速培育植物的一种有效方法，目的是增强适应性，提高生物活性化合物的积累和作物产量。研究人员评估了在温室中利用在国际空间站储存一年的莴苣种子种植的莴苣的生化和矿物质成分（ICP-MS）。通过产量、生物计量参数、抗氧化剂状态和植物矿物质成分的数值，评估了莴苣品种对微重力和辐射影响的耐受性差异。在所研究的栽培品种（即 Petrovich、Synthesis、Moskovsky parnikovy、Picnic、Cavalier 和 Bouquet）中，只有 Retrovich、Synthesis、Moskovsky parnikovy、Picnic、Cavalier 和 Bouquet 这几个品种对微重力和辐射的耐受性有差异。只有 Retrovich、Synthesis、Moskovsky parnikovy 和 Picnik 等品种保持了种子活力。产量显著增加的品种有：Retrovich、Synthhesis、Moskovsky parnikovy 和 Picnik。Moskovsky parnikovy 的产量显著增加，而 Petrovich、Synthhesis 和 Picnik 等品种的产量则显著下降。而 Petrovich、Synthesis 和 Picnic 等品种则有减产趋势。由于种子空间贮藏，光合色素积累得到了改善。Moskovsky parnikovy 的光合色素积累得到了改善，尤其是后者与其他品种不同，叶片中的脯氨酸含量显著提高，MDA 含量降低。虽然空间胁迫没有导致植物抗氧化剂积累的显著下降，但后者的矿物质成分却发生了有价值的变化。在测试的 23 种元素中，V、Se.铁和铬的浓度高于对照植物。Ca、Sr、Cd、Cp、Mg、Mo 和 Pb 之间呈正相关（r > 0.9；p < 0.001）。

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Vegetable crops of Russia

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