Timing Termination of a Biofumigant Cover Crop for Weed Suppression in Chile Pepper

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.21273/horttech05318-23

Akash Bajagain, E. Lehnhoff, Rebecca Creamer, Robert Steiner, B. Schutte

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Abstract

Overwinter mustard cover crops incorporated into soil may suppress early-season weeds in chile pepper (Capsicum annuum). However, the potential for mustard cover crops to harbor beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus) is a concern because beet leafhoppers transmit beet curly top virus to chile pepper. The objectives of this study were to determine the amounts of a biopesticidal compound (sinigrin) added to soil from ‘Caliente Rojo’ brown mustard (Brassica juncea) cover crops ended on three different days before beet leafhopper flights during spring and to determine the effects of the cover crop termination date on weed densities and hand-hoeing times for chile pepper. To address these objectives, a field study was conducted in southern New Mexico. In 2019–20, the cover crop was ended and incorporated into soil 45, 31, and 17 days before beet leafhopper flights. In 2020–21, cover crop termination occurred 36, 22, and 8 days before beet leafhopper flights. Treatments also included a no cover crop control. Cover crop biomass and sinigrin concentrations were determined at each termination. Chile pepper was seeded 28 days after the third termination date. Weed densities and hand-hoeing times were determined 28 and 56 days after chile pepper seeding. In 2019–20, the third termination (17 days before beet leafhopper flights) yielded the maximum cover crop biomass (820 g⋅m−2) and greatest sinigrin addition to soil (274 mmol⋅m−2). However, only the second termination (31 days before beet leafhopper flights) suppressed weeds in chile pepper. In 2020–21, the third termination (8 days before beet leafhopper flights) yielded the maximum cover crop biomass (591 g⋅m−2) and greatest sinigrin addition to soil (213 mmol⋅m−2), and it was the only treatment that suppressed weeds. No cover crop treatment reduced hand-hoeing times. These results indicate that overwinter mustard cover crops can be ended to evade beet leafhopper flights and suppress weeds in chile pepper.

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为抑制智利辣椒杂草而选择生物熏蒸剂覆盖作物的终止时间

在土壤中种植越冬芥菜覆盖作物可以抑制辣椒（Capsicum annuum）的早季杂草。然而，芥菜覆盖作物可能会滋生甜菜叶蝉（Circulifer tenellus），这是一个令人担忧的问题，因为甜菜叶蝉会将甜菜卷曲顶病毒传染给辣椒。本研究的目的是确定在春季甜菜叶蝉飞舞前三个不同日期结束的'Caliente Rojo'糙芥菜（Brassica juncea）覆盖作物土壤中生物杀虫化合物（sinigrin）的添加量，并确定覆盖作物终止日期对杂草密度和辣椒人工锄草时间的影响。为实现这些目标，在新墨西哥州南部开展了一项实地研究。2019-20 年，在甜菜叶蝉飞行前 45 天、31 天和 17 天结束覆盖作物并将其纳入土壤。2020-21 年，分别在甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 36 天、22 天和 8 天结束覆盖作物。处理还包括无覆盖作物对照。在每次终止时测定覆盖作物的生物量和 sinigrin 浓度。智利胡椒在第三个终止日期后 28 天播种。在智利胡椒播种 28 天和 56 天后测定杂草密度和人工锄草时间。2019-20 年，第三个终止日期（甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 17 天）产生的覆盖作物生物量最大（820 克-米-2），土壤中的莽草素添加量最大（274 毫摩尔-米-2）。然而，只有第二个终止期（甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 31 天）抑制了辣椒中杂草的生长。在 2020-21 年，第三次终止（甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 8 天）产生了最大的覆盖作物生物量（591 g-m-2）和最大的土壤莽草素添加量（213 mmol-m-2），并且是唯一抑制杂草的处理。任何覆盖作物处理都不会减少手锄次数。这些结果表明，越冬芥菜覆盖作物可以避开甜菜叶蝉的飞行，抑制辣椒中的杂草。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.