Microorganisms uniquely capture and predict stony coral tissue loss disease and hurricane disturbance impacts on US Virgin Island reefs

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Cynthia C. Becker, Laura Weber, Joel K. Llopiz, T. Aran Mooney, Amy Apprill
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Abstract

Coral reef ecosystems are now commonly affected by major climate and disease disturbances. Disturbance impacts are typically recorded using reef benthic cover, but this may be less reflective of other ecosystem processes. To explore the potential for reef water-based disturbance indicators, we conducted a 7-year time series on US Virgin Island reefs where we examined benthic cover and reef water nutrients and microorganisms from 2016 to 2022, which included two major disturbances: hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 and the stony coral tissue loss disease outbreak starting in 2020. The disease outbreak coincided with the largest changes in the benthic habitat, with increases in the percent cover of turf algae and Ramicrusta, an invasive alga. While sampling timepoint contributed most to changes in reef water nutrient composition and microbial community beta diversity, both disturbances led to increases in ammonium concentration, a mechanism likely contributing to observed microbial community shifts. We identified 10 microbial taxa that were sensitive and predictive of increasing ammonium concentration. This included the decline of the oligotrophic and photoautotrophic Prochlorococcus and the enrichment of heterotrophic taxa. As disturbances impact reefs, the changing nutrient and microbial regimes may foster a type of microbialization, a process that hastens reef degradation.

Abstract Image

微生物独特捕捉和预测美属维尔京群岛珊瑚礁石珊瑚组织损失疾病和飓风干扰的影响
珊瑚礁生态系统目前普遍受到重大气候和疾病干扰的影响。通常使用珊瑚礁底栖生物覆盖率来记录干扰影响,但这可能不太能反映其他生态系统过程。为了探索基于珊瑚礁水体的干扰指标的潜力,我们在美属维尔京群岛的珊瑚礁上进行了为期 7 年的时间序列研究,考察了 2016 年至 2022 年期间的底栖生物覆盖率以及珊瑚礁水体的营养物质和微生物,其中包括两次重大干扰:2017 年的飓风 "艾尔玛 "和 "玛丽亚",以及 2020 年开始的石珊瑚组织损失疾病爆发。疾病爆发时,底栖生物栖息地的变化最大,草皮藻和入侵藻类 Ramicrusta 的覆盖率增加。虽然取样时间点对珊瑚礁水体营养成分和微生物群落β多样性的变化影响最大,但这两种干扰都导致了铵浓度的增加,而铵浓度的增加很可能是导致观察到的微生物群落变化的一个机制。我们发现有 10 个微生物类群对氨浓度的增加具有敏感性和预测性。这包括低营养型和光自养型原绿球藻的减少以及异营养类群的富集。随着干扰对珊瑚礁的影响,不断变化的营养和微生物机制可能会促进一种微生物化,这一过程会加速珊瑚礁的退化。
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来源期刊
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology 环境科学-微生物学
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.90%
发文量
427
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens
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