Carrier-free nanomedicines: Mechanisms of formation and biomedical applications

IF 5.4 1区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1016/j.giant.2024.100256

Xinrui Dong , Hu Liu , Haibao Liu , Xiaoqin Zhang , Xiaoran Deng

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Abstract

In recent years, significant advancements in nanotechnology have yielded remarkable improvements in biomedical applications. Nanocarriers, harnessed from the principles of nanotechnology, have garnered widespread utilization in medicine delivery and diagnostics. However, the progression of nanocarriers has been hindered by two key challenges: low drug loading capacity and the potential for carrier-induced toxicity. To surmount these obstacles, the rapid development and expansion of carrier-free drug delivery systems (CFDDSs) composed of pure drugs and prodrugs have emerged as a promising solution. Extensive endeavors have been undertaken to explore novel excipients, therapeutic agents, self-assembly processes, and therapeutic mechanisms, aimed at expanding the horizons of CFDDSs and enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review provides an overview of CFDDSs, elucidating their self-assembly mechanisms. Additionally, we examine their diverse biomedical applications while shedding light on the challenges ahead for the future development and clinical implementation of CFDDSs. This review serves to enhance our understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing drug nanoassembly formation and fosters the advancement of CFDDSs in the expansive realm of biomedical research.

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无载体纳米药物：形成机制和生物医学应用

近年来，纳米技术的巨大进步为生物医学应用带来了显著改善。利用纳米技术原理制成的纳米载体在药物输送和诊断方面得到了广泛应用。然而，纳米载体的发展一直受到两个关键挑战的阻碍：药物负载能力低和载体诱导毒性的可能性。为了克服这些障碍，由纯药物和原药组成的无载体给药系统（CFDDSs）迅速发展壮大，成为一种前景广阔的解决方案。人们一直在努力探索新型辅料、治疗药物、自组装过程和治疗机制，旨在拓展无载体给药系统的视野并提高其疗效。本综述概述了 CFDDSs，阐明了它们的自组装机制。此外，我们还研究了它们的各种生物医学应用，同时阐明了 CFDDSs 未来发展和临床应用所面临的挑战。这篇综述有助于加深我们对药物纳米组装形成的复杂机制的理解，并促进 CFDDSs 在广阔的生物医学研究领域中的发展。

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来源期刊

GIANT Multiple-

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

8.60%

发文量

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Giant is an interdisciplinary title focusing on fundamental and applied macromolecular science spanning all chemistry, physics, biology, and materials aspects of the field in the broadest sense. Key areas covered include macromolecular chemistry, supramolecular assembly, multiscale and multifunctional materials, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, biophysics, biomimetics and surface science. Core topics range from developments in synthesis, characterisation and assembly towards creating uniformly sized precision macromolecules with tailored properties, to the design and assembly of nanostructured materials in multiple dimensions, and further to the study of smart or living designer materials with tuneable multiscale properties.