Low Hand Grip Strength, Mid-Upper Arm Muscle Area, Calf Circumference, Serum Albumin Level, and Muscle Fiber Diameter as Risk Factors for Independent Walking Inability in Patients with Hip Fracture 6 Weeks after Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Surgery.

Abstract

Background: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty, one of the main treatment modalities for hip fracture, does not always promise the ability to walk independently after surgery. Patients with the same fracture characteristics and comorbidities, implants, and operators may also have different outcomes. Sarcopenia is thought to be one of the causes of the inability to walk independently after this operation; however, it has not been widely studied and is often overlooked.

Methods: This study used a case-control design with 23 patients in the case group (patients unable to walk independently) and 23 patients in the control group (patients able to walk independently). Sampling was carried out consecutively according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the medical records of patients with hip fractures after bipolar hemiarthroplasty at our hospital. In the preoperative period, hand grip strength (HGS), mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA), calf circumference (CC), serum albumin level, and total lymphocyte count were measured. A muscle biopsy was performed intraoperatively from the gluteus muscle with the amount of 200-350 mg. The patient's walking ability was assessed in the polyclinic using the Timed Up and Go test 6 weeks postoperatively. The statistical tests used were descriptive statistics, proportion comparison analysis with the chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression test.

Results: Univariate analysis using chi-square test proved HGS, MUAMA, CC, serum albumin level, and muscle fiber diameter as risk factors for inability to walk independently 6 weeks after bipolar hemiarthroplasty (p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p = 0.006, p = 0.044, and p = 0.000, respectively). Logistic regression test proved 3 direct risk factors for the inability to walk independently 6 weeks after bipolar hemiarthroplasty, namely MUAMA, serum albumin level, and muscle fiber diameter, as the strongest predictive factor (adjusted odds ratio, 63.12).

Conclusions: Low MUAMA, serum albumin levels, and muscle fiber diameter are direct risk factors for the inability to walk independently in hip fracture patients 6 weeks after bipolar hemiarthroplasty.