Discovering adaptive features of innate immune memory

IF 7.5 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Mina Sadeghi, Maziar Divangahi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Conventionally, it was thought that innate immunity operated through a simple system of nonspecific responses to an insult. However, this perspective now seems overly simplistic. It has become evident that intricate cooperation and networking among various cells, receptors, signaling pathways, and protein complexes are essential for regulating and defining the overall activation status of the immune response, where the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity becomes ambiguous. Given the evolutionary timeline of vertebrates and the success of plants and invertebrates which depend solely on innate immunity, immune memory cannot be considered an innovation of only the lymphoid lineage. Indeed, the evolutionary innate immune memory program is a conserved mechanism whereby innate immune cells can induce a heightened response to a secondary stimulus due to metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Importantly, the longevity of this memory phenotype can be attributed to the reprogramming of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, which is subsequently transmitted to lineage-committed innate immune cells. HSCs reside within a complex regulated network of immune and stromal cells that govern their two primary functions: self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we delve into the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as metabolic pathways of innate memory in HSCs, which harbor substantial therapeutic promise.

Abstract Image

发现先天免疫记忆的适应性特征
传统上,人们认为先天性免疫是通过一个简单的非特异性反应系统来应对侮辱的。然而,这种观点现在看来过于简单。显然,各种细胞、受体、信号通路和蛋白质复合物之间错综复杂的合作和网络对于调节和确定免疫反应的整体激活状态至关重要,在这种情况下,先天性免疫和适应性免疫之间的区别变得模糊不清。鉴于脊椎动物的进化时间表以及植物和无脊椎动物完全依赖先天性免疫的成功,免疫记忆不能被认为只是淋巴系的创新。事实上,进化的先天免疫记忆程序是一种保守的机制,先天免疫细胞可通过新陈代谢和表观遗传学重编程诱导对次级刺激做出更强的反应。重要的是,这种记忆表型的长寿可归因于骨髓中自我更新造血干细胞(HSCs)的重编程,随后将其传递给符合品系的先天性免疫细胞。造血干细胞存在于一个由免疫细胞和基质细胞组成的复杂调控网络中,该网络控制着造血干细胞的两种主要功能:自我更新和分化。在这篇综述中,我们将深入研究造血干细胞先天性免疫记忆的新兴细胞和分子机制以及代谢途径,它们蕴含着巨大的治疗前景。
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来源期刊
Immunological Reviews
Immunological Reviews 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.20
自引率
1.10%
发文量
118
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Immunological Reviews is a specialized journal that focuses on various aspects of immunological research. It encompasses a wide range of topics, such as clinical immunology, experimental immunology, and investigations related to allergy and the immune system. The journal follows a unique approach where each volume is dedicated solely to a specific area of immunological research. However, collectively, these volumes aim to offer an extensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in basic immunology and their practical implications in clinical settings.
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