Políticas en salud laboral en personas trabajadoras mayores: análisis comparativo entre España y Chile

IF 1.5 4区医学 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Gaceta Sanitaria Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102382

Cynthia Basualto-Cárcamo , Nora Gray-Gariazzo , Fernando G. Benavides

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To analyze and compare the current Spanish and Chilean regulations regarding occupational risk prevention, regarding the existence of specific indications that protect the occupational health and safety of people over 55 years of age.

Method

Qualitative study in which a documentary content analysis was carried out using ATLAS/ti. The sample was 88 regulatory documents on occupational risk prevention for Spain and Chile. The guidance of the European Agency for Safety at Work (EU-OSHA) regarding age-critical risks was followed.

Results

In global terms, 21.9% of the total Spanish documents analyzed show the explicit presence of considerations on aging, while for Chile this occurs in 9%. Both countries mention indications regarding ergonomic risks and noise. Shift work and psychosocial risks are considered only in Spain, while extreme temperatures, vibrations and geographical altitude appear exclusively in Chilean regulations. Neither country refers to issues inherent to working women (care responsibilities, menopause).

Conclusions

The Spanish regulations present a greater presence of indications on aging compared to the Chilean one. However, development in this area is insufficient in both countries. Chile and Spain have guides of recommendations, which are not mandatory, and their application is voluntary. This suggests that the prevention of occupational risks has a great pending challenge with people over 55 years of age.

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老年劳动者的职业健康政策：西班牙和智利的比较分析

目标分析并比较西班牙和智利有关职业风险预防的现行法规，了解是否存在保护 55 岁以上人群职业健康和安全的具体说明。方法定性研究，使用 ATLAS/ti 进行文献内容分析。样本为西班牙和智利的 88 份有关职业风险预防的规范性文件。研究遵循了欧洲工作安全局（EU-OSHA）关于年龄关键风险的指导原则。结果在所分析的全部西班牙文件中，有 21.9% 的文件明确显示了对老龄化的考虑，而在智利，这一比例为 9%。这两个国家都提到了有关人体工程学风险和噪音的指标。只有西班牙考虑到了轮班工作和社会心理风险，而极端温度、振动和地理高度只出现在智利的规定中。这两个国家都没有提及职业女性固有的问题（护理责任、更年期）。然而，两国在这一领域的发展都不够充分。智利和西班牙都有建议指南，但不是强制性的，其应用是自愿的。这表明，对于 55 岁以上的老年人来说，预防职业风险是一项巨大的挑战。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Gaceta Sanitaria 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： Gaceta Sanitaria (Health Gazette) is an international journal that accepts articles in Spanish and in English. It is the official scientific journal of the Sociedad Española de Salud Publica y Administración Sanitaria (Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Administration) (SESPAS). The Journal publishes 6 issues per year on different areas of Public Health and Health Administration, including: -Applied epidemiology- Health prevention and promotion- Environmental health- International health- Management and assessment of policies and services- Health technology assessments- Health economics. The editorial process is regulated by a peer review system. It publishes original works, reviews, opinion articles, field and methodology notes, protocols, letters to the editor, editorials, and debates.