{"title":"Appraisal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust of Eastern Nigeria and its implications in the COVID-19 years","authors":"Chideraa Courage Offor, John Kanayochukwu Nduka","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100424","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The risk assessment of PAHs in settled indoor dusts from different localities of Awka, Ekwulobia, and Rumuodomaya–Ogale, Eastern Nigeria, were investigated. Settled dust samples (<em>n</em> = 144) were collected from the windows and floor using brush and analyzed for PAHs with GC- FID. Dust from the windows showed higher total PAHs concentrations than the floor in the order; Rumuodomaya–Ogale > Ekwulobia > Awka. The 3- and 4-ring PAHs were dominant in the window and floor dust of Awka in all the months, while the 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compound in Ekwulobia<strong>.</strong> The concentrations of total PAH in the window and floor dusts of Ekwulobia, showed a significant difference across the months (<em>p</em> < 0.05). In Rumuodomaya–Ogale, the 3, 4, and 5-ring PAHs supersede in the window and floor dust. This showed that dust is a major sink for 3–5-ring PAHs. The compounds; BaA, DahA, Ant, BaP, and DBA were the major contributors to benzo(a)pyrene as toxicity equivalence (<span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>Q</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) values of the window and floor dust. The total incremental life cancer risk was < 1.0 × 10<sup>−04</sup> in all the study area; hence, the increased indoor activities during COVID-19 lockdown had no significant cancer effect on human health of the populace.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772416624000251/pdfft?md5=a79ee4c7c3ba8912ec635cae4f42855e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772416624000251-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772416624000251","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The risk assessment of PAHs in settled indoor dusts from different localities of Awka, Ekwulobia, and Rumuodomaya–Ogale, Eastern Nigeria, were investigated. Settled dust samples (n = 144) were collected from the windows and floor using brush and analyzed for PAHs with GC- FID. Dust from the windows showed higher total PAHs concentrations than the floor in the order; Rumuodomaya–Ogale > Ekwulobia > Awka. The 3- and 4-ring PAHs were dominant in the window and floor dust of Awka in all the months, while the 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compound in Ekwulobia. The concentrations of total PAH in the window and floor dusts of Ekwulobia, showed a significant difference across the months (p < 0.05). In Rumuodomaya–Ogale, the 3, 4, and 5-ring PAHs supersede in the window and floor dust. This showed that dust is a major sink for 3–5-ring PAHs. The compounds; BaA, DahA, Ant, BaP, and DBA were the major contributors to benzo(a)pyrene as toxicity equivalence () values of the window and floor dust. The total incremental life cancer risk was < 1.0 × 10−04 in all the study area; hence, the increased indoor activities during COVID-19 lockdown had no significant cancer effect on human health of the populace.