Significance of trihybrid nanoparticles in non-Newtonian fluids: a finite-element simulation of magnetohydrodynamic effects under microgravity conditions

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of the three different fluid types, mono-, di-, and trihybrid nanofluids, emphasizing the distinction between the three types of fluids. Also, the report highlights the significance of the microgravity environment: \(g*(\tau ) = g_{0}(1+a\cos (\pi \omega {t}))\), and a gravitational field plus a temperature gradient typically produce buoyant convective flows in a variety of different situations, most likely in environments of low gravity or microgravity. One of the reasons for the growing interest in trihybrid nanofluids is their unique ability to improve thermal performance, which is really useful in various heat exchangers. The leading governing equations of linear momentum and energy of the developed problem are transmuted into nondimensional nonlinear coupled PDEs by using appropriate similarity modifications. The obtained systems of partial differential equations are solved via the finite-element method (FEM) in a MATLAB environment. The FEM is the most reliable, powerful, efficient, and fast convergence rate technique. The fluid velocity decreases as a function of the increasing strength of the magnetic (\(M\)) and Casson \(\beta \) parameters. However, the temperature distribution increases as a function of these parameters. It is observed that both temperature and velocity functions for trihybrid nanofluid flow obtain peak values as compared to mono- and bihybrid cases. The Nusselt number exhibits an increasing behavior by \(15\%\) as compared to mono- and trihybrid nanofluids and \(5\%\) when comparing bihybrid cases with trihybrid cases. Furthermore, the shear stress and Nusselt number are enhanced against increasing amplitude modulation.