State of the Science: Disgust and the Anxiety Disorders

IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
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Abstract

Anxiety disorders have long been conceptualized as disorders of fear, while other emotions have largely been overlooked. However, an emerging literature has increasingly implicated disgust in certain anxiety-related disorders, including obsessive–compulsive disorder, specific phobias (e.g., spider phobia), health anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Roughly two decades of research has accumulated evidence identifying various mechanisms linking disgust-related phenomena to these disorders. In the present “State of the Science” review, we sought to summarize the current state of the literature with respect to disgust-related mechanisms in anxiety disorders, including trait-level vulnerabilities (e.g., disgust proneness), cognitive processes (e.g., biases of attention and memory), and associated learning mechanisms (e.g., evaluative conditioning). Research in these areas has revealed important ways in which disgust differs from fear-related phenomena, which have important treatment implications. From there, we sought to summarize research on laboratory interventions that attempt to target and attenuate disgust, as well as the early research on formal cognitive-behavioral treatments that integrate disgust-related interventions for anxiety disorders. Although the past two decades of research have revealed important insights related to the role of disgust in psychopathology, much remains to be learned in this area. We propose some future directions, emphasizing the importance of a guiding framework that highlights studying disgust-related mechanisms across different levels of analysis.
科学现状:厌恶与焦虑症
长期以来,焦虑症一直被视为恐惧障碍,而其他情绪在很大程度上被忽视。然而,新出现的文献越来越多地将厌恶与某些焦虑相关疾病联系起来,包括强迫症、特定恐惧症(如蜘蛛恐惧症)、健康焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍。大约二十年的研究已经积累了证据,确定了将恶心相关现象与这些疾病联系起来的各种机制。在本 "科学现状 "综述中,我们试图总结目前有关焦虑症中与厌恶相关机制的文献,包括特质层面的脆弱性(如厌恶倾向)、认知过程(如注意力和记忆偏差)以及相关的学习机制(如评价性条件反射)。这些领域的研究揭示了厌恶与恐惧相关现象的重要区别,对治疗具有重要意义。在此基础上,我们试图总结试图针对并减轻厌恶感的实验室干预研究,以及将与厌恶感相关的干预纳入焦虑症治疗的正式认知行为疗法的早期研究。尽管过去二十年的研究已经揭示了厌恶在精神病理学中的重要作用,但在这一领域仍有许多东西需要学习。我们提出了一些未来的研究方向,强调了一个指导性框架的重要性,该框架强调在不同的分析层次上研究与厌恶相关的机制。
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来源期刊
Behavior Therapy
Behavior Therapy Multiple-
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
2.70%
发文量
113
审稿时长
121 days
期刊介绍: Behavior Therapy is a quarterly international journal devoted to the application of the behavioral and cognitive sciences to the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of psychopathology and related clinical problems. It is intended for mental health professionals and students from all related disciplines who wish to remain current in these areas and provides a vehicle for scientist-practitioners and clinical scientists to report the results of their original empirical research. Although the major emphasis is placed upon empirical research, methodological and theoretical papers as well as evaluative reviews of the literature will also be published. Controlled single-case designs and clinical replication series are welcome.
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