Acute and Chronic Oak Decline in urban and forest ecosystems in Southern Italy

IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Forestry Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI:10.1093/forestry/cpae011
Giambattista Carluccio, Erika Sabella, Davide Greco, Marzia Vergine, Angelo Giovanni Delle Donne, Eliana Nutricati, Alessio Aprile, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi
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Abstract

Since recently, a decline of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) is observed in Salento (South Italy), this caused concern regarding the protection of native biodiversity and local forests. Symptomatic trees show browning of leaves, thinning of canopy, and loss of branches. The aim of this study was to understand the biotic factors involved in the observed decline. During the monitoring activity, the use of phenotypic descriptors highlighted the presence of two types of decline with distinct symptoms among oaks in rural and urban areas, which could be classified as Acute Oak Decline (AOD) and Chronic Oak Decline (COD), respectively. Following this, diagnostic analyses were carried out to assess the presence of various holm oak pathogens on twigs, trunk, and soil. These analyses revealed the presence of several Botryosphaeriaceae oak pathogens, present ubiquitously between the two environmental contexts, with Diplodia seriata being overall the most prevalent. Contrarily, bacteria associated with AOD were only present in the rural areas and included: Brenneria goodwinii, Gibbsiella quercinecans, and Rahnella victoriana. As far as known to the authors, this is the first time these pathogens have been found in the Mediterranean coastal regions. Lastly, soil analyses performed to detect the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi were negative. Our results highlight the presence of several pathogens, which indicates that oak decline is a multifactorial phenomenon for which the predisposing, initial, and contributing factors are not yet known particularly for the recently described AOD and COD. Finally, the identification of AOD-related bacteria in Salento is a cause of concern for the need of urgent management actions aimed to contain their spread and to preserve the forest heritage of the region.
意大利南部城市和森林生态系统中橡树的急性和慢性衰退
最近,在萨兰托(意大利南部)发现了霍尔姆栎(Quercus ilex L.)的减少,这引起了人们对本地生物多样性和当地森林保护的关注。出现症状的树木叶片变褐、树冠变薄、枝条脱落。这项研究的目的是了解与观察到的衰退有关的生物因素。在监测活动中,表型描述符的使用突显了农村和城市地区橡树的两种衰退类型,它们具有不同的症状,可分别归类为急性橡树衰退(AOD)和慢性橡树衰退(COD)。随后进行了诊断分析,以评估树枝、树干和土壤中是否存在各种霍尔姆橡树病原体。这些分析表明,在两种环境中普遍存在几种 Botryosphaeriaceae 橡木病原体,其中 Diplodia seriata 是最普遍的病原体。与此相反,只有在农村地区才存在与 AOD 相关的细菌,其中包括Brenneria goodwinii、Gibbsiella quercinecans 和 Rahnella victoriana。据作者所知,这是地中海沿海地区首次发现这些病原体。最后,为检测是否存在 Phytophthora cinnamomi 而进行的土壤分析结果呈阴性。我们的研究结果凸显了多种病原体的存在,这表明橡树衰退是一种多因素现象,其诱发、初始和促成因素尚不清楚,尤其是最近描述的 AOD 和 COD。最后,在萨兰托发现与 AOD 相关的细菌令人担忧,需要采取紧急管理行动,以遏制其蔓延,保护该地区的森林遗产。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Forestry
Forestry 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
7.10%
发文量
47
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal is inclusive of all subjects, geographical zones and study locations, including trees in urban environments, plantations and natural forests. We welcome papers that consider economic, environmental and social factors and, in particular, studies that take an integrated approach to sustainable management. In considering suitability for publication, attention is given to the originality of contributions and their likely impact on policy and practice, as well as their contribution to the development of knowledge. Special Issues - each year one edition of Forestry will be a Special Issue and will focus on one subject in detail; this will usually be by publication of the proceedings of an international meeting.
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