Multipurpose Additives Toward Improving the Polymer Cold Spray Process

Abstract

Polymers have proven to be challenging to cold spray, particularly with high efficiency and quality when using inexpensive nitrogen (N₂) and air propellants. Helium (He), when used as a process propellant, can improve spray deposit properties but is often undesirable due to its limited availability and high cost. In this study, additives of multiple particle sizes and materials were mixed with polymer powder in an effort to improve the performance of polymer sprays using mainly N₂ as a process propellant. The effects of hard-phase additives on deposit microstructure were investigated by precise ion beam polishing of deposit cross sections and subsequent electron microscope imaging. Additional metrics including the density and post-spray composition of deposits were investigated to quantify the peening effect and the amount of embedded additive. Additives, regardless of size, were observed to embed in the spray deposits. Additionally, hard-phase additives demonstrated nozzle cleaning properties that continually remove polymer fouling on the nozzle walls. Inversely, sprays with polymer powder and no additives tended to clog the nozzle throat and diverging section because of continual fouling.